Key learning for students taking Grade 12 courses
Find out what you should know to help you succeed in your fall courses and get free activities and resources to help you review what you learned last year.
Prepare for your next school year
These summer refresher resources and activities can help you practice the key concepts you learned last year so you can be more prepared for the courses you will take in 2020-2021.
The focus is on compulsory, high-demand and prerequisite courses. We've listed specific topics for each course to help focus your learning.
These resources and activities are not for credit. They are intended to help you build a solid understanding of the fundamentals that you will need next year.
All the resources and activities on this page are Made in Ontario, except for Knowledgehook.
Earn community involvement hours during the summer
You also volunteer over the summer to earn community involvement hours that are required to graduate.
If you are under 18 years old, talk with a parent or guardian as you plan and choose your community involvement activities.
To get started, you can:
- check your school board's website for a list of eligible activities, information and resources about board requirements
- ask your principal or guidance counsellor for more information
- visit the Ontario Volunteer Centre Network to discover volunteering opportunities and connect with local community organizations
Consider virtual or online community involvement activities this summer to help stop the spread of coronavirus (COVID‑19). In-person community involvement activities must follow health and safety guidelines from public health authorities.
Biology
Biology, University Preparation (SBI4U)
If you enrolled in Biology, University Preparation, review:
- Grade 11 Biology and focus on:
- plant anatomy and function: lesson 2.1
- animal systems: lessons 3.1, 3.2, and 3.3
- Grade 10 Academic Science and focus on:
- cells: structures and functions: lesson 3.11
- cell division: lesson 3.12
- cell specialization: lesson 3.13
- organ systems: lesson 3.14 and 3.15
Business
Financial Accounting Principles (BAT4M)
If you enrolled in Financial Accounting Principles, review Grade 11 financial accounting fundamentals and focus on:
- introduction to accounting: lessons 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4
- accounting cycle for a service business: lessons 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5, 2.6
- accounting cycle for a merchandising business: lessons 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 3.5
- financial analysis and decision making: lessons 4.3, 4.4, 4.5, 4.6
Information and Communication Technology (BTX4C or BTX4E)
If you enrolled in Information and Communication Technology, review Grade 9 Information and Technology in Business and focus on:
- applications software
- electronic business environment:
- world wide web:
Chemistry
Chemistry, University Preparation (SCH4U)
If you enrolled in Chemistry, University Preparation, review Grade 11 Chemistry and focus on:
- atomic theory: lesson 1.2 and 1.3
- chemical bonding: lesson 1.4
- quantifying elements and compounds: lesson 1.6
- types of chemical reactions: lesson 2.1 and 2.2
- quantities in chemical reactions and limiting reagents: lesson 2.4 and 2.5
- quantitative characteristics of solutions: lesson 3.2 and 3.3
- the gas laws: lesson 4.2 and 4.3
Chemistry, College Preparation (SCH4C)
If you enrolled in Chemistry, College Preparation, review Grade 10 Applied Science and focus on:
- introduction to chemistry (lesson 2.1)
- ionic and covalent compounds (lesson 2.3)
- chemical reactions (lesson 2.4)
- acids and bases (lesson 2.5)
Computer studies
Computer Science, University or College Preparation (ICS4U or ICS4C)
If you enrolled in Computer Science, University Preparation or Computer Programming, College Preparation, review Grade 11 Introduction to Computer Science and focus on:
- hello world (unit 1, activity 1)
- constants, variables, and assignments (unit 1, activity 2)
- input-processing-output (unit 1, activity 3)
- making decisions (unit 1, activity 4)
- predefined methods (unit 2, activity 4)
- creating your own methods (unit 2, activity 5)
- debugging and validating data (unit 3, activity 1)
- algorithm design (unit 3, activity 2)
- computer science problems (unit 3, activity 3)
English
English, University Preparation (ENG4U)
If you enrolled in English, University Preparation review Grade 11 English, University Preparation and focus on:
- power of narrative structure (lesson 1.1)
- point of view (lesson 1.2)
- power of persuasion (lesson 1.3)
- op-eds (lesson 1.5)
- essay writing (lesson 2.6)
English, College Preparation (ENG4C)
If you've enrolled in English, College Preparation, review Grade 11 English, College Preparation and focus on:
- power of narrative structure (lesson 1.1)
- point of view (lesson 1.2)
- power of persuasion (lesson 1.3)
- fact vs opinion (lesson 1.4)
- op-eds (lesson 1.5)
English, Workplace Preparation (ENG4E)
If you've enrolled in English, Workplace Preparation, review Grade 11 English, Workplace Preparation and focus on:
- power of narrative structure (lesson 1.1)
- point of view (lesson 1.2)
- power of persuasion (lesson 1.3)
- fact vs opinion (lesson 1.4)
- op-eds (lesson 1.5)
Economics
Analysing Current Economic Issues, University Preparation (CIA4U)
If you enrolled in Analysing Current Economic Issues, review Grade 11 The Individual and The Economy and focus on:
- economic thinking (lesson 1.1)
- use of economic models (lesson 1.2)
- demand (lesson 1.3)
- supply (lesson 1.4)
General science
Health Sciences, University/College Preparation (SNC4M)
If you enrolled in Health Sciences, University/College Preparation,review Grade 10 Academic Science and focus on:
- cells: structures and functions: lesson 3.11
- cell division: lesson 3.12
- cell specialization: lesson 3.13
- organ systems: lesson 3.14 and 3.15
Earth and Space Science, University Preparation (SES4U)
If you enrolled in Earth and Space Science, University Preparation, review Grade 10 Academic Science and focus on:
- observing the night sky (lesson 3.1)
- the sun and the other stars (lesson 3.2)
- the solar system (lesson 3.3)
- exploring space (lesson 3.4)
- the Earth (lesson 3.5)
Geography
World Issues: A Geographic Analysis (CGW4U or CGW4C)
If you enrolled in World Issues: A Geographic Analysis, University or College Preparation, review:
- this Grade 11 Forces of Nature: Physical Processes and Disasters and focus on:
- spatial significance (unit 1, activity 1)
- patterns and trends (unit 1, activity 2)
- interrelationships (unit 1, activity 3)
- geographic perspectives (unit 1, activity 4)
- Grade 11 Travel and Tourism: A Geographical Perspective and focus on:
- spatial significance: what is the importance of place? (unit 1, activity 1)
- patterns and trends: changes in space and time (unit 1, activity 2)
- interrelationships: how does it all fit together? (unit 1, activity 3)
- geographic perspectives: using different lenses (unit 1, activity 4)
History
World History since the Fifteenth Century (CHY4U or CHY4C)
If you enrolled in World History since the Fifteenth Century, University or College Preparation, review:
- Grade 10 Academic History and focus on:
- concepts of historical thinking (lesson 1.1)
- historical inquiry and concepts of historical thinking (lesson 1.5)
- Grade 11 World History to the End of the Fifteenth Century and focus on:
- concepts of historical thinking and inquiry process (lesson 1.1)
Law
Canadian and International Law, University Preparation (CLN4U)
If you enrolled in Canadian and International Law, University Preparation, review Grade 11 Understanding Canadian Law and focus on:
- what is law? (lesson 1.1)
- laws and principles (lesson 1.2)
- rights and freedoms (lesson 2.6)
Mathematics
Mathematics for Work and Everyday Life (MEL4E)
If you enrolled in Mathematics for Work and Everyday Life, review:
- Grade 11 Mathematics for Work and Everyday Life and focus on:
- net and gross income (lesson 1.2)
- income tax (lesson 1.3)
- loans and credit cards (lesson 4.3) and (4.4)
- working with the total price (lesson 2.2)
- finding the best deal (lesson 2.3)
- calculating cost of owning and operating a vehicle (lesson 3.3)
- comparing electric vs gas powered vehicles (lesson 3.4)
- Grade 10 applied math and focus on:
- problem solving using similar triangles (lessons 1.2)
- using imperial and metric systems (lesson 1.6)
Mathematics for College Technology (MCT4C)
If you enrolled in Mathematics for College Technology, review Grade 11 Functions and Applications and focus on:
- exponential functions: lessons 3.2 and 3.3
- polynomial functions and their graphs: lessons 2.1
- determining domain and range: lesson 2.2
- solving quadratics by factoring: lessons 1.6
- solving quadratics using the quadratic formula: lesson 1.7
- exploring the sine law: lesson 4.2
- solving problems using the cosine law: lesson 4.3
- analyzing graphs of periodic functions: lessons 4.5
- applying the sine functions: lesson 4.6
Foundations for College Mathematics (MAP4C)
If you enrolled in Foundations for College Mathematics, review Grade 11 Foundations for College Mathematics and focus on:
- three forms of a quadratic equations: lesson 3.12
- applications of exponential relations: lesson 3.15
- the effects of parameters on compound interest: lessons 4.17
- designing and constructing models: lessons 1.3
- trigonometry and right angles: lesson 1.4
- sine and cosine laws: lesson 1.5
- working with one-variable data: lessons 2.7 and 2.8
Advanced Functions (MHF4U)
If you enrolled in Advanced Functions, review Grade 11 Functions and focus on:
- characteristics of functions: lesson 1.1
- finding the inverse of a function: lessons 1.2
- exploring the characteristics of parent functions: lesson 1.3
- exponential functions: lessons 2.2, 2.3, 2.4
- trigonometric functions: lessons 4.2, 4.4, 4.8, 4.9
Calculus and Vectors (MCV4U)
If you enrolled in Calculus and Vectors, review Grade 11 Functions and focus on:
- characteristics of functions: lesson 1.1
- finding the inverse of a function: lessons 1.2
- exploring the characteristics of parent functions: lesson 1.3
- exponential functions: lessons 2.2, 2.3, 2.4
- trigonometric functions: lessons 4.2, 4.4, 4.8, 4.9
Mathematics of Data Management (MDM4U)
If you enrolled in Data Management, review:
- Grade 11 Functions and focus on:
- exponent laws: lesson 2.1
- exponential functions: lessons 2.2, 2.3, 2.4
- arithmetic and geometric sequences: lesson 3.2
- arithmetic and geometric series: lesson 3.3
- Grade 11 Foundations for College Mathematics and focus on:
- working with one-variable data: lessons 2.6, 2.7, 2.8
- applying probability: lessons 2.9, 2.10
Physics
Physics, University Preparation (SPH4U)
If you enrolled in Physics, University Preparation, review Grade 11 Physics and focus on:
- characteristics of waves: lesson 1.1
- interference of waves: lesson 1.4
- motion and forces: lessons 2.4 and 2.7
- applying Newton's laws: lesson 2.8
- work, energy, and power: lesson 3.1 and 3.2
- thermal heat and energy: lesson 3.4
- electricity and magnetism: lessons 4.1, 4.4 and 4.5
Physics, College Preparation (SPH4C)
If you enrolled in Physics, College Preparation, review Grade 9 Applied Science and focus on:
- static electricity (lesson 4.1)
- current electricity (lessons 4.2)
- current and potential difference (lesson 4.3)
- resistance (lesson 4.4)
- generating electricity (lesson 4.5)
About the learning resources
These resources are designed to help students learn at home, independently or with the help of a parent or guardian.
Several of these resources were developed by the Government of Ontario or one of its agencies. These resources are either marked “Made in Ontario” or identified with bolded text located at the top of the page. There are additional resources that are not created, owned or operated by the Government of Ontario. The Government of Ontario is not responsible for the information and content from external sources. Most, but not all, are available in both English and French.
By clicking on these links, users take full responsibility for understanding and agreeing to any terms or conditions of use required by these non-government platforms. The Government of Ontario is not responsible for the content, user experience or privacy policies on external platforms.
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