Student Voices on Sexual Violence

Overview

The Student Voices on Sexual Violence Survey was conducted to gather information about how student respondents perceive, understand and respond to sexual violence. It also gathered information about students’ level of satisfaction with their institution’s sexual violence supports and services, if they experienced sexual violence and disclosed their experience to staff or faculty at the institution. The survey did not limit student respondents to reflecting on experiences that occurred on-campus only.

Outreach and responses

• Over 746,000 full-time students at Ontario’s postsecondary campuses were invited to respond to the survey between February and April 2018.
• More than 160,000 students across Ontario participated in this voluntary survey.
• 26.5% of university students, 16.3% of college students, and 9.3% of private career college students submitted surveys.

Project introduction

Background

The Student Voices on Sexual Violence Survey was conducted with postsecondary education students to gather information about perceptions and experiences of sexual violence that can be used to inform and enhance the sexual violence response and prevention efforts of publicly-assisted colleges, publicly-assisted universities, and private career colleges. Specifically, this study is intended to provide information about how students perceive, understand and respond to sexual violence, as well as how institutions address sexual violence. Sexual violence is defined as "any sexual act or act targeting a person’s sexuality, gender identity or gender expression, whether the act is physical or psychological in nature, that is committed, threatened or attempted against a person without the person’s consent, and includes sexual assault, sexual harassment, stalking, indecent exposure, voyeurism and sexual exploitation."[1]

Survey administration

The Student Voices on Sexual Violence Survey was developed with contributions from many experts, consultants and stakeholders. The survey was based on questions used in similar surveys in various jurisdictions and was carefully designed to achieve a balance of meeting practical constraints (e.g., completion time and resources available), minimizing risk of potential harm, and maximizing the capacity to collect useful information on a sensitive topic, while also being inclusive and respectful of a diverse student population.

Between February 16, 2018 and April 2, 2018, CCI Research Inc. administered the Student Voices on Sexual Violence Survey on behalf of the Ministry of Training, Colleges and Universities (MTCU) and participating postsecondary education institutions. The project was designed as an online survey to include all full-time university undergraduate and college[2] students, students in graduate-level university programs that were eligible for funding in 2018, as well as all students attending registered private career colleges[3]. The following table shows the number of students who were invited to participate by postsecondary education sector, along with the number of survey submissions[4] and the response rates.

Results highlights

Report contents

The Student Voices on Sexual Violence Survey included questions on the following themes:

• Perceptions of consent
• Knowledge of sexual violence supports, services and reporting procedures
• Experiences of sexual violence
  • Including those related to sexual harassment, stalking and non-consensual sexual experiences - taken together these are referred to as disclosure of sexual violence or “unwanted sexual experiences”
• Satisfaction with institutional response to sexual violence
• Behaviour of bystanders

This report presents key results in the form of percentages related to each of these themes. Results for all themes are based on summary indices which are calculated to include responses from multiple questions within a theme. For example, results for perceptions of consent represent total agreement and disagreement across a range of statements that reflect opinions, attitudes and beliefs about consent in various sexual situations. Results related to unwanted sexual experiences are reported as indices such that results represent proportions of students who disclosed one or more experience for each type of unwanted sexual experience (i.e., sexual harassment, stalking and non-consensual sexual experiences). Results for other themes are similarly presented in index form to summarize responses across multiple questions. Further details regarding interpretation are provided in each section of results.

Also, of note for this report:

• Rating questions (e.g., satisfaction and agreement questions) are displayed by collapsing the two most extreme responses (e.g., "Very Satisfied" and "Satisfied" are combined and "Very Dissatisfied" and "Dissatisfied" are combined).
• The number of responses in each question may vary due to the voluntary nature of all survey responses and the survey logic for some items, which resulted in questions being applicable or not applicable depending on previous answers.
• Tables in this report display results for indices which are composed of responses from multiple questions. The number of responses or respondents included is shown along with the results. "Total Responses" refers to the total number of answers given across multiple questions, rather than the number of respondents who answered a question. The numbers of responses or respondents represented in the tables are explained in the table notes. In cases where there are small numbers of responses or respondents, caution should be used in any interpretation of the results.
• Questions related to student experiences (i.e., sexual harassment, stalking, non consensual sexual experiences, satisfaction with institutional response to disclosure of an unwanted sexual experience and bystander behaviours) asked students to respond based on their experiences on or off campus since the beginning of the academic year, defined as when the student arrived at or started school as far back as August or September (including orientation or pre-term activities, if applicable), depending on the program, or during studies at a private career college between September 2017 and the time of the survey.
• Rounding procedures occasionally cause the sum of individual percentages to be slightly higher or lower than the total of 100%.

Results for each theme are reported overall for each postsecondary education sector (publicly-assisted colleges, publicly-assisted universities and private career colleges), as well as separately by institution for publicly-assisted colleges and universities.

Results interpretation

Results presented in this report document the answers provided by Ontario’s postsecondary students who chose to submit a survey, and results are not weighted to account for groups which may have over- or under-responded. Thus, all results should be interpreted and presented as reflecting the experiences, perceptions and opinions of those students who responded to the survey, and caution should be exercised in extending conclusions to the entire student body. It is best to express results from the survey in the following manner: "Of the students who responded to the survey, ##% indicated … ."

Caution should be exercised with respect to any comparisons among institutions (e.g., ranking) due to varied institution circumstances, the demographic composition of the student body and different student response rates. Of note, the preamble to questions related to unwanted sexual experiences (i.e., sexual harassment, stalking and non-consensual sexual experiences) also indicated that the experiences could occur on or off campus, whether school is in session or on a break.

Confidentiality

To protect the privacy and preserve the confidentiality of student responses, a minimum of 20 responses were required for each result presented in this report. Therefore, results are not shown for cell counts lower than 20 responses or where results for low cell counts could be derived. In addition, responses from Université de Hearst students have not been included in the results due to the small size of the institution and the correspondingly lower number of student responses. Individual private career college results are not shown due to the small size and correspondingly low cell counts for these institutions.

Presentation of results

Perceptions of Consent Index

The Perceptions of Consent Index addresses opinions, attitudes and beliefs about consent in various sexual situations (see Appendix A, survey question 14b).

For this section, respondents were asked to indicate their level of agreement with seven statements, five of which expressed negative opinions, attitudes or beliefs about consent in sexual situations, and two of which expressed positive opinions, attitudes or beliefs about consent in sexual situations. For the purposes of this index, the responses for the two positive statements were reversed in order to calculate a consolidated index using all items in a consistent manner. Additionally, in accordance with the response reversal, the wording of these two items (a and b) has been adjusted below to be consistent with the other items in this index which reflect negative or potentially harmful opinions, attitudes and beliefs about consent in various sexual situations (c though g) (see Appendix A, survey question 14b) for original wording for items a and b).

Results for the seven items in the Perceptions of Consent section of the survey reflect level of agreement or disagreement with the following:

1. Consent does not need to be given at each step in a sexual encounter.
2. If a person initiates sex, but during foreplay says they no longer want to, the person has not withdrawn consent to continue.
3. If a person doesn't physically resist sex, they have given consent.
4. Consent for sex one time is consent for future sex.
5. If you and your sexual partner are both drunk, you don't have to worry about consent.
6. Mixed signals can sometimes mean consent.
7. If someone invites you to their place, they are giving consent for sex.

For these items, higher disagreement percentages represent a more positive response, as these responses reflect disagreement with negative or potentially harmful opinions, attitudes and beliefs about consent in various sexual situations.

Percentage results are displayed for total disagreement ("Strongly Disagree" + "Disagree"), "Neither agree nor disagree" and total agreement ("Strongly Agree" + "Agree") by postsecondary education sector, as well as for each publicly-assisted college and university (Tables 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, respectively).

Table 3.1 Perceptions of Consent Index by sector

*Total Responses for this index include up to seven responses from each student respondent.

Table 3.2 Perceptions of Consent Index by publicly-assisted university

*Total Responses for this index include up to seven responses from each student respondent.

Table 3.3 Perceptions of Consent Index by publicly-assisted college

*Total Responses for this index include up to seven responses from each student respondent.

Knowledge of Sexual Violence Supports, Services and Reporting Procedures Index

The Knowledge of Sexual Violence Supports, Services and Reporting Procedures Index addresses understanding and knowledge about how and where to access institutional supports or find information related to reporting incidents of sexual violence (see Appendix A, survey question 18).

Specifically, the five Knowledge of Sexual Violence Supports, Services and Reporting Procedures questions asked respondents to "Please indicate your level of agreement with the following statements" for items related to understanding or knowledge about institutional supports, services and reporting procedures:

1. I understand how to access academic accommodations related to sexual violence
2. I understand how to access supports (for example, counselling, health services, housing, safety and security services) related to sexual violence.
   [Private Career College Alternate Wording]
   2. I understand how to access information about supports (for example, information about how to obtain counselling, health services, safety and security services) related to sexual violence.
3. I know where to find information on filing a formal report about sexual violence at my university/college/private career college[5]
4. I understand the formal reporting options at my university/college/private career colleges
5. I know how to file a formal report regarding an incident of sexual violence at my university/college/private career college

Higher percentages for agreement ("Strongly Agree" + "Agree") represent greater knowledge or understanding, while lower percentages for agreement represent less knowledge or understanding.

Percentage results are displayed for total disagreement ("Strongly Disagree" + "Disagree"), "Neither agree nor disagree" and total agreement ("Strongly Agree" + "Agree") by postsecondary education sector, as well as for each publicly-assisted college and university (Tables 3.4, 3.5, 3.6, respectively).

Table 3.4 Knowledge of Sexual Violence Supports, Services and Reporting Procedures Index by Sector

*Total Responses for this index include up to five responses from each student respondent.

Table 3.5 Knowledge of Sexual Violence Supports, Services and Reporting Procedures Index by publicly-assisted university

*Total Responses for this index include up to five responses from each student respondent.

Table 3.6 Knowledge of Sexual Violence Supports, Services and Reporting Procedures Index by publicly-assisted college

*Total Responses for this index include up to five responses from each student respondent.

Sexual Harassment Experience Index

The Sexual Harassment Experience Index reflects the proportion of survey respondents who indicated that they experienced one or more incidents of sexual harassment since the beginning of the academic year (see Appendix A, survey question 20).

The Sexual Harassment Experience questions asked respondents about the frequency of sexual harassment experiences that have occurred since the beginning of the academic year (or during their studies at their private career college between September 2017 and the time of the survey)[6]. Specifically, respondents were asked "… how often have you been in a situation in which someone:"

1. Treated you differently because of your gender identity or sexual orientation.
2. Displayed, used, or distributed materials that were offensive to you based on gender identity or sexual orientation.
3. Made negative remarks about someone based on their gender identity or sexual orientation.
4. Put you down or was condescending to you because of your gender identity or sexual orientation.
5. Repeatedly told sexual stories or jokes that were offensive to you.
6. Tried to talk to you about sexual matters when you didn't want to.
7. Made remarks or gestures or used body language of a sexual nature which embarrassed or offended you.
8. Continued to ask you for dates, drinks, dinner, etc., even though you said "No".
9. Touched you in a way that made you feel uncomfortable.
10. Made you feel like you were being bribed, or implied better treatment, if you were to engage in sexual behaviour.
11. Made you feel threatened or treated you badly for refusing to have sex.
12. Sent or posted unwelcome sexual comments, rumours, jokes, or pictures of you by text, email, social media, or other electronic means.
13. Mocked or harassed you on the internet using slurs or name-calling related to your gender identity or sexual orientation.

Response options were "Never," "Rarely," "Sometimes," "Often" or "Very Often."

The percentages shown for overall "Sexual Harassment Experience Disclosed" include all responses from the sexual harassment questions where the respondent selected a response other than "Never" for at least one of the 13 items. Higher percentages in this index ("Sexual Harassment Experience Disclosed") indicate greater proportions of students who reported experiencing at least one of the 13 forms of sexual harassment.

Percentage results representing the proportion of students indicating some form of sexual harassment ("Sexual Harassment Experience Disclosed") and the proportion of students who did not indicate any form of sexual harassment ("No Sexual Harassment Experience Disclosed") are presented for each postsecondary education sector, as well as for each publicly-assisted college and university (Tables 3.7, 3.8, 3.9, respectively).

Table 3.7 Sexual Harassment Experience Index by sector

*Total Respondents for this index include all students who submitted a survey.

Table 3.8 Sexual Harassment Experience Index by publicly-assisted university

*Total Respondents for this index include all students who submitted a survey.

Table 3.9 Sexual Harassment Experience Index by publicly-assisted college

*Total Respondents for this index include all students who submitted a survey.

Stalking Experience Index

The Stalking Experience Index reflects the proportion of survey respondents who indicated that they experienced one or more incidents of stalking since the beginning of the academic year (see Appendix A, survey question 28).

The Stalking Experience questions asked respondents about frequency of stalking experiences that have occurred since the beginning of the academic year (or during their studies at their private career college between September 2017 and the time of the survey).[7] Specifically, respondents were asked "How many times have one or more people done the following things to you":

1. Watched or followed you from a distance, or spied on you with a listening device, camera, or GPS (global positioning system).
2. Approached you or showed up in places, such as your home, workplace, or school when you didn't want them to be there.
3. Left gifts or other items for you to find that made you feel uncomfortable.
4. Sneaked into your home or car and did something to let you know they had been there.
5. Cyber-stalked you through social media, letters, phone calls, messages, emails, or other means that were unwanted.

Response options were "None," "1-2 Times," "3-5 Times," "6-8 Times" or "More than 8 Times."

The percentages shown for overall "Stalking Experience Disclosed" include all responses from the stalking experiences questions where the respondent selected a response other than "None" for at least one of the five items. Higher percentages in this index ("Stalking Experience Disclosed") indicate greater proportions of students who reported experiencing at least one of the five forms of stalking.

Percentage results representing the proportion of students indicating some form of stalking ("Stalking Experience Disclosed") and the proportion of students who did not indicate any form of stalking ("No Stalking Experience Disclosed") are presented for each postsecondary education sector, as well as for each publicly-assisted college and university (Tables 3.10, 3.11, 3.12, respectively).

Table 3.10 Stalking Experience Index by Sector

*Total Respondents for this index include all students who submitted a survey.

Table 3.11 Stalking Experience Index by publicly-assisted university

*Total Respondents for this index include all students who submitted a survey.

Table 3.12 Stalking Experience Index by publicly-assisted college

*Total Respondents for this index include all students who submitted a survey.

Non-Consensual Sexual Experience Index

The Non-Consensual Sexual Experience Index reflects the proportion of survey respondents who indicated one or more incidents of a non-consensual sexual experience since the beginning of the academic year (see Appendix A, survey question 36).

The four Non-Consensual Sexual Experience questions ask respondents about frequency of non-consensual sexual experiences since the beginning of the academic year (or during their studies at their private career college between September 2017 and the time of the survey).[8] After an explanatory preamble, respondents were asked "… how often have you been in a situation in which:"

1. Someone fondled, kissed, or rubbed up against your body or removed some of your clothes without your consent (but did not attempt sexual penetration).
2. Someone had oral sex with you or made you have oral sex with them without your consent.
3. Someone put their penis, fingers, or other object into your vagina or your butt/anus without your consent.
4. Even though it didn't happen, someone TRIED to have oral, anal, or vaginal sex with you without your consent.

Response options included "0 Times," "1 Time," "2 Times" and "3 or More Times."

The percentages shown for overall "Non-Consensual Sexual Experience Disclosed" include all responses from the non-consensual sexual experiences questions where the respondent selected a response other than "0 Times" for at least one of the four items. Higher percentages in this index ("Non-Consensual Sexual Experience Disclosed") indicate greater proportions of students who reported experiencing at least one of the four forms of non-consensual sexual experiences.

Percentage results representing the proportion of students indicating some form of non-consensual sexual experience ("Non-Consensual Sexual Experience Disclosed") and the proportion of students who did not indicate any form of non-consensual sexual experience ("No Non-Consensual Sexual Experience Disclosed") are presented for each postsecondary education sector, as well as for each publicly-assisted college and university (Tables 3.13, 3.14, 3.15, respectively).

Table 3.13 Non-Consensual Sexual Experience Index by sector

*Total Respondents for this index include all students who submitted a survey.

Table 3.14 Non-Consensual Sexual Experience Index by publicly-assisted University

*Total Respondents for this index include all students who submitted a survey.

Table 3.15 Non-Consensual Sexual Experience Index by publicly-assisted college

*Total Respondents for this index include all students who submitted a survey.

Satisfaction with Institutional Response to Sexual Violence Index

The Satisfaction with Institutional Response to Sexual Violence Index addresses level of satisfaction with the institutional response among survey respondents who indicated that they experienced sexual violence in a previous question (sexual harassment, stalking or non-consensual sexual experiences) and told institution staff, faculty, administration or a service office about their experience. Given that the satisfaction questions included in this index were asked only one time in the survey, respondents who experienced more than one sexual violence behaviour (i.e., more than one experience of sexual harassment, stalking or non-consensual sexual experiences) were instructed to respond about the one situation that had the greatest effect on them since the beginning of the academic year[9] (see Appendix A, survey question 50).

The eight Satisfaction with Institutional Response questions asked about the respondent’s level of satisfaction with the institutional response if they told institution staff, faculty, administration or a service office about an unwanted sexual experience. Respondents included in this question are those who disclosed a sexual harassment experience, a stalking experience or a non-consensual sexual experience in the survey (i.e., responded with something other than "Never," "None" or "0 Times" to one or more of those items), and also indicated that they told a person or service at their institution about what happened. Respondents answering this question were instructed to respond regarding the one situation that had the greatest effect on them since the beginning of the academic year.

Specifically, applicable students were asked "When you told staff, faculty, administration, or any service office at your university/college/private career college[10] about your experience(s), how satisfied were you that your university/college/private career college …"

1. Believed what you said
2. Met your needs for academic accommodations
3. Met your needs for supports (for example, counselling, health services, housing, safety and security services)
   [Private Career College Alternate Wording]
   3. Met your needs for information about how to obtain supports (for example, information about counselling, health services, safety and security services).
4. Allowed you to have a say in how your situation was handled
5. Minimized the number of times you needed to recount your experience in order to receive assistance
6. Kept you informed about how your situation was being handled
7. Created an environment where this type of experience was safe to discuss
8. Helped to create an environment where this type of experience was recognized as a problem

Higher satisfaction percentages ("Very satisfied" + "Satisfied") for the Satisfaction with Institutional Response to Sexual Violence Index represent higher reported levels of satisfaction with the response than lower satisfaction percentages.

Percentage results are displayed for total dissatisfaction ("Very dissatisfied" + "Dissatisfied"), "Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied" and total satisfaction ("Very satisfied" + "Satisfied") by postsecondary education sector as well as for each publicly-assisted college and university (Tables 3.16, 3.17, 3.18, respectively).

Table 3.16 Satisfaction with Institutional Response to Sexual Violence Index by sector

*Total Responses for this index include up to eight responses from each student respondent and do not include any "Not applicable" responses.

Table 3.17 Satisfaction with Institutional Response to Sexual Violence Index by Publicly-assisted University

*Total Responses for this index include up to eight responses from each student respondent and does not include any "Not applicable" responses.

Dashed results ("---") are not shown because cell counts exist which are lower than 20 responses or because results for low cell counts could be derived.

Table 3.18 Satisfaction with Institutional Response to Sexual Violence Index by publicly-assisted college

*Total Responses for this index include up to eight responses from each student respondent and do not include any "Not applicable" responses.

Dashed results ("---") are not shown because cell counts exist which are lower than 20 responses or because results for low cell counts could be derived.

Behaviour of Bystanders Index

The Behaviour of Bystanders Index addresses bystander experiences and intervention behaviours across a range of situations where there is sexual violence or the potential for sexual violence (see Appendix A, survey question 58).

For the eight items in this section of the survey, students were asked, since the beginning of the academic year,[11] "… have you done any of the following when the situation arose":

1. Helped someone who had a lot to drink or was high on drugs get home safely from a party, bar, or other social event.
2. Talked to the friends of a person who was drunk or high on drugs to make sure they didn't leave the person behind at a party, bar, or other social event.
3. Spoke up against jokes based on gender or sexual orientation.
4. Tried to distract someone who you thought was trying to make a drunk person do something sexual without that person’s consent.
5. Asked someone who looked very upset at a party if they were okay or needed help.
6. Tried to distract or intervene when someone was being physically abusive to another person.
7. Tried to distract or intervene when someone was being verbally abusive to another person.
8. Informed my university/college/private career college[12] about an incident of sexual violence that I witnessed so that it could be addressed.

For each of these items, a response of "Yes" indicates that the respondent engaged in a preventative or intervening action. A response of "No" indicates that no preventative or intervening action was taken. A response of "Not applicable - was not in this situation" means that the respondent did not have that type of bystander experience.

Percentages shown for "Did Not Witness" represent the proportion of students who only responded "Not applicable - was not in this situation" for each item within the index. This indicates that they were not in the position of a bystander for any of the eight sexually violent or potentially sexually violent situations presented to them.

The percentages shown for "Witnessed" are calculated based on respondents who gave an answer other than "Not applicable - was not in this situation" (i.e., answered "Yes" or "No" to any of the eight questions). This indicates that they had experienced one or more of these types of situations.

The Bystander Intervention questions also provide information about the occurrence of preventative or intervening behaviours across the situations presented. Higher percentages in "Witnessed and Intervened" represent greater proportions of respondents who indicated that they engaged in one or more of the preventative or intervening behaviours. Alternatively, higher percentages in "Witnessed and DID NOT Intervene" represent greater proportions of respondents who did not engage in preventative or intervening behaviours across the eight situations. Results are presented by postsecondary education sector, as well as for each publicly-assisted college and university (Tables 3.19, 3.20, 3.21, respectively).

Table 3.19 Behaviour of Bystanders Index by sector

* Total Number of Respondents represent the number of students who responded "Yes," "No" or "Not applicable - was not in this situation" to at least one of the eight questions in this section of the survey.

** Total Witness Responses include up to eight responses from each student respondent who witnessed at least one of the eight situations in this section of the survey (i.e., responded "Yes" or "No").

Table 3.20 Behaviour of Bystanders Index by publicly-assisted university

* Total Number of Respondents represent the number of students who responded "Yes," "No" or "Not applicable - was not in this situation" to at least one of the eight questions in this section of the survey.

** Total Witness Responses include up to eight responses from each student respondent who witnessed at least one of the eight situations in this section of the survey (i.e., responded "Yes" or "No").

Table 3.21 Behaviour of Bystanders Index by publicly-assisted college

* Total Number of Respondents represent the number of students who responded "Yes," "No" or "Not applicable - was not in this situation" to at least one of the eight questions in this section of the survey.

** Total Witness Responses include up to eight responses from each student respondent who witnessed at least one of the eight situations in this section of the survey (i.e., responded "Yes" or "No").

Appendix A - survey questions reported in indices

14. b Please indicate your level of agreement with the following statements on the scale of "strongly disagree", "disagree, "neither agree nor disagree", "agree", "strongly agree"

1. Consent must be given at each step in a sexual encounter.
2. If a person initiates sex, but during foreplay says they no longer want to, the person has not given consent to continue.
3. If a person doesn't physically resist sex, they have given consent.
4. Consent for sex one time is consent for future sex.
5. If you and your sexual partner are both drunk, you don't have to worry about consent.
6. Mixed signals can sometimes mean consent.
7. If someone invites you to their place, they are giving consent for sex.

{The survey used the acronym PCC which refers to Private Career College.}

18. Please indicate your level of agreement with the following statements on the scale of "strongly disagree", "disagree", "neither agree nor disagree", "agree", "strongly agree"

1. I understand how to access academic accommodations related to sexual violence.
2. I understand how to access supports (for example, counselling, health services, housing, safety and security services) related to sexual violence.
   
   [PCC alternate wording]
   2. I understand how to access information about supports (for example, information about how to obtain counselling, health services, safety and security services) related to sexual violence.
3. I know where to find information on filing a formal report about sexual violence at my university/college/PCC
4. I understand the formal reporting options at my university/college/PCC
5. I know how to file a formal report regarding an incident of sexual violence at my university/college/PCC

The following questions concern sexual experiences that you may have had that were unwanted. Please be assured that your answers will remain completely confidential.

If you need support, resources are available by clicking the Support button at the top of this page.

For the following questions, please respond based on your experiences since the beginning of this academic year at your university/college. These experiences could occur on or off campus, whether school is in session or you are on a break.

20. Since the beginning of this academic year at your university/college, how often have you been in a situation in which someone on the scale of "never", "rarely", "sometimes", "often", "very often":

[PCC alternate wording]

The following questions concern sexual experiences that you may have had that were unwanted. Please be assured that your answers will remain completely confidential.

If you need support, resources are available by clicking the Support button at the top of this page.

Please answer the following questions based on the experiences you had during your studies at your private career college between September 2017 and now. These experiences could occur on or off campus.

20. During your studies at your private career college between September 2017 and now, how often have you been in a situation in which someone on the scale of "never", "rarely", "sometimes", "often", "very often":

1. Treated you differently because of your gender identity or sexual orientation.
2. Displayed, used, or distributed materials that were offensive to you based on gender identity or sexual orientation.
3. Made negative remarks about someone based on their gender identity or sexual orientation.
4. Put you down or was condescending to you because of your gender identity or sexual orientation.
5. Repeatedly told sexual stories or jokes that were offensive to you.
6. Tried to talk to you about sexual matters when you didn't want to.
7. Made remarks or gestures or used body language of a sexual nature which embarrassed or offended you.
8. Continued to ask you for dates, drinks, dinner, etc., even though you said "No".
9. Touched you in a way that made you feel uncomfortable.
10. Made you feel like you were being bribed, or implied better treatment, if you were to engage in sexual behaviour.
11. Made you feel threatened or treated you badly for refusing to have sex.
12. Sent or posted unwelcome sexual comments, rumours, jokes, or pictures of you by text, email, social media, or other electronic means.
13. Mocked or harassed you on the internet using slurs or name-calling related to your gender identity or sexual orientation.

The following questions concern other types of sexual experiences that you may have had that were unwanted. Please be assured that your answers will remain completely confidential.

If you need support, resources are available by clicking the Support button at the top of this page.

For the following questions, please respond based on your experiences since the beginning of this academic year at your university/college. These experiences could occur on or off campus, whether school is in session or you are on a break.

28. How many times have one or more people done the following things to you since the beginning of this academic year at your university/college on the scale of "none", "1-2 times", "3-5 times", "6-8 times", "more than 8 times"?

[PCC alternate wording]

The following questions concern other types of sexual experiences that you may have had that were unwanted. Please be assured that your answers will remain completely confidential.

If you need support, resources are available by clicking the Support button at the top of this page.

Please answer the following questions based on the experiences you had during your studies at your private career college between September 2017 and now. These experiences could occur on or off campus.

28. How many times have one or more people done the following things to you during your studies at your private career college between September 2017 and now on the scale of "none", "1-2 times", "3-5 times", "6-8 times", "more than 8 times"?

1. Watched or followed you from a distance, or spied on you with a listening device, camera, or GPS (global positioning system).
2. Approached you or showed up in places, such as your home, workplace, or school when you didn't want them to be there.
3. Left gifts or other items for you to find that made you feel uncomfortable.
4. Sneaked into your home or car and did something to let you know they had been there.
5. Cyber-stalked you through social media, letters, phone calls, messages, emails, or other means that were unwanted.

The following questions concern other types of sexual experiences that you may have had that were unwanted. These questions use explicit language (including names of body parts and specific behaviours), and may be upsetting. Please be assured that your answers will remain completely confidential.

If you need support, resources are available by clicking the Support button at the top of this page.

For the following questions, please respond based on your experiences since the beginning of this academic year at your university/college. These experiences could occur on or off campus, whether school is in session or you are on a break.

[PCC alternate wording - for paragraph above only, the rest is the same]

Please answer the following questions based on the experiences you had during your studies at your private career college between September 2017 and now. These experiences could occur on or off campus.

Please indicate the number of times each experience has happened to you. If several experiences occurred on the same occasion, you should count all separately.

These experiences could have happened as a result of someone:

• Telling lies, threatening to end the relationship, threatening to spread rumours about you, making promises you knew were untrue, or continually pressuring you after you said you didn't want to
• Showing displeasure, criticizing your sexuality or attractiveness, getting angry but not using physical force, after you said you didn't want to
• Taking advantage of you when you were drunk, had taken drugs, were asleep or unconscious
• Threatening to physically harm you or someone close to you
• Using force, for example holding you down with their body weight, pinning your arms, or threatening you with a weapon
• Catching you off guard or ignoring your body language or non-verbal signals
• Any other means when you said or showed you didn't want to

36. Since the beginning of this academic year at your university/college, how often have you been in a situation in which on the scale of "0 times", "1 time", "2 times", "3 or more times":

[PCC alternate wording]

36. During your studies at your private career college between September 2017 and now, how often have you been in a situation in which on the scale of "0 times", "1 time", "2 times", "3 or more times":

1. Someone fondled, kissed, or rubbed up against your body or removed some of your clothes without your consent (but did not attempt sexual penetration).
2. Someone had oral sex with you or made you have oral sex with them without your consent.
3. Someone put their penis, fingers, or other object into your vagina or your butt/anus without your consent.
4. Even though it didn't happen, someone TRIED to have oral, anal, or vaginal sex with you without your consent.

Preamble to a series of sexual violence follow-up questions, including whether the respondent told anyone what happened, who they told, and how satisfied they were with the institutional response if they told any staff, faculty, administration or service office at their institution about what happened:

The following questions ask more about sexual violence experiences since the beginning of this academic year. These questions are important because collecting this type of information helps service providers understand and address safety concerns. Please be assured that your answers will remain completely confidential.

If you need support, resources are available by clicking the Support button at the top of this page.

If you experienced more than one sexual violence behaviour since the beginning of this academic year, please answer the following questions while thinking about the one situation that had the greatest effect on you since the beginning of this academic year.

[PCC alternate wording]

The following questions ask more about sexual violence experiences between September 2017 and now. These questions are important because collecting this type of information helps service providers understand and address safety concerns. Please be assured that your answers will remain completely confidential.

If you need support, resources are available by clicking the Support button at the top of this page.

If you experienced more than one sexual violence behaviour between September 2017 and now, please answer the following questions while thinking about the one situation that had the greatest effect on you between September 2017 and now.

50. When you told staff, faculty, administration, or any service office at your university/college/PCC about your experience(s), how satisfied were you that your university/college/PCC on the scale of "very dissatisfied", "dissatisfied", "neither satisfied nor dissatisfied", "satisfied", "very satisfied", "not applicable" …

1. Believed what you said.
2. Met your needs for academic accommodations.
3. Met your needs for supports (for example, counselling, health services, housing, safety and security services).
   
   [PCC alternate wording]
   3. Met your needs for information about how to obtain supports (for example, information about counselling, health services, safety and security services).
4. Allowed you to have a say in how your situation was handled.
5. Minimized the number of times you needed to recount your experience in order to receive assistance.
6. Kept you informed about how your situation was being handled.
7. Created an environment where this type of experience was safe to discuss.
8. Helped to create an environment where this type of experience was recognized as a problem.

Preamble to a series of questions about prevention of sexual violence from the perspective of an observer, including bystander behaviours:

The following questions concern bystander behaviours and ask for your attitudes and opinions about prevention of sexual violence from the perspective of an observer.

58. Since the beginning of this academic year, have you done any of the following when the situation arose on the scale of "yes", "no", "not applicable - was not in this situation"?

[PCC alternate wording]

58. During your studies at your private career college between September 2017 and now, have you done any of the following when the situation arose on the scale of "yes", "no", "not applicable - was not in this situation"?

1. Helped someone who had a lot to drink or was high on drugs get home safely from a party, bar, or other social event.
2. Talked to the friends of a person who was drunk or high on drugs to make sure they didn't leave the person behind at a party, bar, or other social event.
3. Spoke up against jokes based on gender or sexual orientation.
4. Tried to distract someone who you thought was trying to make a drunk person do something sexual without that person’s consent.
5. Asked someone who looked very upset at a party if they were okay or needed help.
6. Tried to distract or intervene when someone was being physically abusive to another person.
7. Tried to distract or intervene when someone was being verbally abusive to another person.
8. Informed my university/college/PCC about an incident of sexual violence that I witnessed so that it could be addressed.

[1] Sexual Violence and Harassment Action Plan Act (Supporting Survivors and Challenging Sexual Violence and Harassment), 2016, S.O. 2016, c. 2 - Bill 132

[2] Within the publicly-assisted college sector, Confederation College did not participate in the survey.

[3] Some institutions reported excluding groups of students from the survey totaling 3,203.

[4] Number of survey submissions includes 930 surveys that were removed after data cleaning procedures were implemented.

[5] In the online survey items, "private career college" was displayed as "PCC," as seen in Appendix A.

[6] For university and college students, the beginning of the academic year was defined in the survey as "when you arrived at or started school as far back as last August or September (including orientation or pre-term activities, if applicable), depending on your program." For private career college students, the academic year was defined as "during your studies at your private career college between September 2017 and now." The survey indicated that "[t]hese experiences could occur on or off campus, whether school is in session or you are on a break."

[7] For university and college students, the beginning of the academic year was defined in the survey as "when you arrived at or started school as far back as last August or September (including orientation or pre-term activities, if applicable), depending on your program." For private career college students, the academic year was defined as "during your studies at your private career college between September 2017 and now." The survey indicated that "[t]hese experiences could occur on or off campus, whether school is in session or you are on a break."

[8] For university and college students, the beginning of the academic year was defined in the survey as "when you arrived at or started school as far back as last August or September (including orientation or pre-term activities, if applicable), depending on your program." For private career college students, the academic year was defined as "during your studies at your private career college between September 2017 and now." The survey indicated that "[t]hese experiences could occur on or off campus, whether school is in session or you are on a break."

[9] For university and college students, the beginning of the academic year was defined in the survey as "when you arrived at or started school as far back as last August or September (including orientation or pre-term activities, if applicable), depending on your program." For private career college students, the academic year was defined as "during your studies at your private career college between September 2017 and now."

[10] In the online survey items, "private career college" was displayed as "PCC," as seen in Appendix A.

[11] For university and college students, the beginning of the academic year was defined in the survey as "when you arrived at or started school as far back as last August or September (including orientation or pre-term activities, if applicable), depending on your program." For private career college students, the academic year was defined as "during your studies at your private career college between September 2017 and now."

[12] In the online survey items, "private career college" was displayed as "PCC," as seen in Appendix A.