Dryberry Lake Conservation Reserve Management Plan

This document provides policy direction for the protection, development and management of the Dryberry Lake Conservation Reserve and its resources.

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Resource management plan

Ministry of Natural Resources, Kenora District September 2004

Approval statement

We are pleased to approve this Resource Management Plan for the Dryberry Lake Conservation Reserve.

This Resource Management Plan provides guidance for the management of the Conservation Reserve and the basis for the ongoing monitoring activities. The public was widely consulted during the original Ontario’s Living Legacy regulation process. In addition, two further public consultation efforts were undertaken during the development and review of this Resource Management Plan, allowing the opportunity to provide information, comments pertaining to management issues, and to review the preliminary Resource Management Plan prior to its finalization.

The Conservation Reserve will be managed under the jurisdiction of the Kenora East Area Supervisor, Kenora District, Ministry of Natural Resources.

Fred S. Hall
District Manager
Kenora District

Date: September 10, 2004

Ralph Wheeler
Acting Regional Director
Northwest Region

Date: October 8, 2004

1.0 Introduction

1.1 Background

Ontario’s Living Legacy (OLL) natural heritage program is a province-wide initiative whereby areas representative of Ontario’s diverse ecosystems and biological/geological features were identified and recommended for regulation as parks and protected areas. The Dryberry Conservation Reserve was created through this program and was regulated on May 21, 2003.

1.2 The need for management planning

The 1983 Kenora District Land Use Guidelines (DLUG) stressed the need for the development of future management direction to address the significant amount of Crown land recreational activity occurring on and near Dryberry Lake, as well as to address issues pertaining to the area’s fishery (OMNR, 1983). In 1999, the Dryberry Lake area was proposed for protection as a conservation reserve under the Ontario’s Living Legacy initiative, further exemplifying the need to develop a management plan for the area. The intention of this management plan will be to identify and address natural heritage values for the area, resource users, and recreational/resource activities occurring within the conservation reserve, as well as to provide guidelines in managing any ongoing activities so that the quality and quantity of the area’s resources are maintained in perpetuity. The Dryberry Lake Conservation Reserve Management Plan will be guided by the Northwestern Ontario Strategic Land Use Plan (1982), Kenora District Land Use Guidelines (1983), and A Framework for Resource Management Planning in MNR (1986), and will be developed in accordance with the Public Lands Act (policy 3.03.05), the Ontario’s Living Legacy Land Use Strategy (July 1999), and the Kenora District Fisheries Management Plan (1987).

2.0 Management plan outline

2.1 Goal and objectives

The primary goal guiding the development of this Resource Management Plan is to ensure the continued remote and pristine character associated with Dryberry Lake and to maintain the health of the area’s fishery and other ecological systems by managing sustainable recreational and resource-related activities occurring on, and adjacent to, Dryberry Lake. The Dryberry Lake Conservation Reserve Management Plan will achieve this by meeting the following four plan objectives:

identify the natural heritage values associated with the Dryberry Lake Conservation Reserve, including life science, earth science, and documented historical, cultural, and archaeological values.
identify the resource uses/users and recreational activities taking place within the Conservation Reserve boundaries.
develop a set of guidelines to manage activities of local residents, recreationalists and other resource users, while ensuring the continued health of the area’s trophy-class lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) and muskellunge (Esox masquinongy) fishery and other identified natural and cultural heritage features.
ensure the protection of fish habitat from disturbance associated with such damaging processes as erosion and sedimentation. (Dryberry Lake has been identified as a cold water, lake trout lake, which indicates the delicate nature of the lake.)

2.2 Methods

A Framework for Management Planning in MNR (1986) states that every resource management plan is expected to follow a specific set of minimum requirements. These requirements (as outlined in the following six stages) have been fulfilled for the Dryberry Lake Conservation Reserve Management Plan:

Stage 1 → Preparation of Terms of Reference
Stage 2 → Identification of Objectives and Targets
Stage 3 → Identification, Evaluation, and Selection of Management Alternatives (Public consultation efforts will be arranged at this stage.)
Stage 4 → Preparation of the Preliminary Resource Management Plan (Public consultation efforts will be arranged at this stage.)
Stage 5 → Preparation and Approval of the Final Resource Management Plan
Stage 6 → Periodic Review of the Approved Resource Management Plan (when situations warrant.)

2.2.1 Background research

Extensive background research was carried out for the Dryberry Lake Conservation Reserve. In July 2000, photocopies of aerial photographs of the area, complete with the ecological site typing, were obtained from Abitibi Consolidated Company of Canada Inc. These photos were useful in providing information on species composition and age of forest stands in the area. Natural Resource Values Information Systems (NRVIS) was queried for any values and other information documented in the Dryberry Lake area including: boat cache information; trails/routes; fish spawning areas; eagle nesting sites; lake bathymetry data; and history of forest fires. The District Lake Survey Files for Dryberry Lake were searched for information relating to the fishery, such as documented fish species in the lake, commercial fishing history, and fish stocking attempts (OMNR, 1997; 1960 b). Additional documents relating to earth sciences; life sciences; cultural, archaeological and historical significance were also referenced. Finally policy, legislation, and management direction governing the area, such as the Public Lands Act, the Kenora District Fisheries Management Plan, and the District Land Use Guidelines were consulted as a means to provide any additional information not covered in other search areas. Title searching for the Dryberry Lake area was carried out at the Kenora Land Registry office. The internet and OMNR intranet also served as valuable sources of information.

2.2.2 Field survey

Field site visits were conducted to determine accessibility into the site, verify identified site values, document new values sighted, and observe recreational and resource use of the Dryberry Lake Conservation Reserve. The information collected during preliminary background research was compiled and used as a basis for field site visits.

Field trips to study the Dryberry Lake Conservation Reserve took place over a total of eight days. On May 31, July 11 and 12, 2002 site accessibility to Dryberry Lake was assessed. During the week of August 12 – 16, 2002, the Dryberry Lake area was surveyed by means of watercraft for the purpose of:

verifying identified site values;
documenting/mapping new site values;
documenting observed recreational and resource use of the area;
recording recreation features (e.g. beaches, portages, shorelunch/campsites);
obtaining representative site photographs;
informing cottagers of planning activities and querying for additional resource values information.

2.2.3 Personal correspondence

During site visits, all local residents and area users of the Dryberry Lake area who were encountered were informed of the upcoming management planning exercise for the Dryberry Lake area. This opportunity was used to update contact information for the District mailing list. At the same time, informal discussions took place relating to concerns and ideas stakeholders would like to see reflected in management planning for the area. A brief letter (informing the recipient of the upcoming management planning exercise) was left on the doors of all property owners on/near Dryberry Lake who were not present at the time of field surveys.

2.2.4 Public consultation

Public consultation efforts formed a necessary component of the planning process for this conservation reserve. Initial, extensive consultation efforts were carried out during the Ontario’s Living Legacy (OLL) regulation process in August of 2000, regarding boundary refinement for the conservation reserve. This consultation effort included extensive District and Regional office mail-outs of information packages pertaining to the proposed sites for regulation, newspaper advertisements across Ontario, and Environmental Bill of Rights posting. During this initial consultation effort, recipients were asked to inform the OMNR if they would like to be kept informed of the management planning process.

A second consultation effort relating to the Dryberry Lake Conservation Reserve was carried out from October 1 – 31, 2002. District mail-out packages were distributed to a refined mailing list of directly influenced stakeholders (e.g. property owners on/near the conservation reserve, trapline area holders, and bear management licensees) and to those who had expressed interest in being kept informed during the initial consultation efforts. In addition, newspaper advertisements were placed in the Kenora Enterprise and the Daily Miner and News prior to the onset of the consultation period. The mail-out package that was distributed to the public consisted of an information letter, updated fact sheet of the conservation reserve, map of the boundaries, and questionnaire (Appendices A and C). Local knowledge/information about the Dryberry Lake area and opinions/ideas relating to management issues were sought. (Refer to section 4.0 for a summary of public response/comment received from this second consultation effort.)

2.2.5 Background information document

A Background Information Document was compiled to provide a summary of information collected to date regarding the Dryberry Lake Conservation Reserve. Sources of information included background research of government documents, past research (e.g. archaeological values, earth/life science inventories, and fisheries research), personal correspondence with area residents and resource users, the internet, and information provided through public consultation. Fifty-nine (59) copies of the Background Information Document were distributed to all those who had requested a copy during the October 2002 consultation effort. Copies of this document are available at the OMNR, Kenora District office.

An opportunity to review the approved plan will be scheduled. Copies of this plan will be provided to individuals who have expressed interest in receiving this package.

3.0 Planning area

3.1 Site location

Dryberry Lake Conservation Reserve is situated within the Kenora District, Northwest Region of the OMNR, approximately 25 kilometers southeast of the city of Kenora and 20 kilometers north of the town of Sioux Narrows (Appendix B). It is located at a latitude of 49º 34' north and longitude of 93º 50' west (map number 52 F/12), and at a Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) grid reference of 441000 easting and 5490000 northing (NAD 83).

3.2 Conservation reserve description

The conservation reserve boundaries incorporate Dryberry Lake (including Point Lake) and a 200 meter buffer of land following the high water level of the lake’s shorelines (Appendix C). This land buffer was extended in areas to incorporate the three landmasses encompassed by Dryberry Lake, as well as to align the conservation reserve’s southwest boundary with the Devonshire Township’s east border. Several smaller inland lakes are also included within the conservation reserve boundaries, ranging from less than a hectare to 89 hectares in size.

The conservation reserve represents a total of 21,835 hectares of land and water, with Dryberry Lake itself forming half of this total. Dryberry Lake represents the largest undeveloped lake trout lake near the United States border. The lake resembles a horse-shoe in shape, having a total water surface area of 10,905 hectares while reaching a maximum depth of 105.5 meters (346 feet). Dryberry Lake expands to the northeast forming Point Lake and to the northwest forming Northwest Bay, which extends an additional 7 kilometers to the west.

4.0 Public response

Responses were received from those individuals or organizations that have an interest in the Dryberry Lake Conservation Reserve and are directly affected or influenced by decisions regarding the conservation reserve. This list includes: the forest and mining industries; property owners; recreationalists (anglers, hunters, canoeists and campers); resource harvesters (trapline holders, and bear management area licensees); and tourist operators. Questionnaires were mailed to individuals and organizations associated with this list, as well as to individuals who expressed an interest in receiving the mail-out package. Direction in this management plan has considered the input received from these questionnaires, as well as several verbal responses that were generated from advertisements in local newspapers.

The majority of responses received during consultation were from property owners (residents and non-residents) within the Dryberry Lake area. The majority of the remaining responses were received from either residents or tourists who frequently use/visit the area. The focus of the responses was accessibility via the Graphic Lake Road. Potential options for this access road were suggested and included improvement, maintenance, and abandonment. Respondents expressed concern with a perceived increase in pressure to the area and also suggested horsepower restrictions on watercrafts. Respondents were pleased with improved fishing regulations which were put in place to promote and maintain Dryberry Lake as a trophy fishery.

For further details regarding the comments and concerns that were generated through public consultation, please contact the Kenora District OMNR for a copy of the Dryberry Lake Public Consultation Summary Report. This report contains all of the findings and an analysis of input received from resource users.

5.0 Management direction

5.1 First nations

5.1.1 First nation values

Dryberry Lake Conservation Reserve lies within the Northwest Angle Treaty of 1873 – Treaty #3 area, land originally settled by the Saulteau Ojibway people. The conservation reserve forms part of an area recognized by Whitefish Bay (Noatkamegwanning) First Nation as their traditional land use area. In addition, Rat Portage and Whitefish Bay First Nations have commercial fur trapping and fish harvesting interests within the area.

Management direction:

Existing aboriginal and treaty rights supersede all direction contained in the Resource Management Plan for the Dryberry Lake Conservation Reserve.

5.2 Lands and waters resource use

5.2.1 Aggregate extraction

No aggregate extraction sites have been developed within the Dryberry Lake Conservation Reserve.

Management direction:

Aggregate extraction activities will not be permitted within the conservation reserve as per the Conservation Reserves Policy (May 2003).

5.2.2 Energy transmissions and communications corridors

No transmission lines or pipeline corridors exist within the Dryberry Lake Conservation Reserve, nor have any been proposed. The boundary of the conservation reserve forms a 200 meter buffer around the lake. Disruptions into these buffers could impact the lake, and more specifically vegetation found within the riparian zone, due to the sensitivity of this area.

Management direction:

Utility corridors will not be supported within the conservation reserve unless there are no demonstrated alternatives. Ancillary activities will not be permitted within the site i.e. pumping stations, service yards, etc.

5.2.3 Commercial hydro development

A 270-foot wide dam is located at the southwest outlet of Dryberry Lake and was originally constructed in 1886 for logging purposes (OMNR, 1989). The dam was reconstructed in 1927 and repaired in 1952. In the late 1940's, it was suggested that this area might provide an ideal site for generating hydroelectric power through the installation of a turbine designed to harness the water flow along the Dryberry River. The Dryberry River follows a gradient difference of 100 feet along its course into the north portion of Berry Lake, with the first and largest set of rapids dropping a total of 63 feet (OMNR, Lake Survey Files – Dryberry Lake, 1960).

In 1989, a small-scale hydroelectric research project was undertaken in the Kenora District to identify potential sites capable of generating electrical power (OMNR, 1989). As part of this study, the Dryberry Lake Dam was examined for the possible development of a micro hydro system, or a hydro system with a capacity between 4 to 8 kilowatts. No further research has been conducted on the site and no formal development applications have since been submitted to the Kenora District OMNR.

Management direction:

No commercial hydroelectric development or ancillary activities (i.e. flood-ways) will be permitted within the Dryberry Lake Conservation Reserves in accordance with the Conservation Reserves Policy.

5.2.4 Mineral exploration and development

Current policy indicates that no mineral exploration or extraction activities are permitted to occur within any conservation reserve that was regulated as part of the Ontario’s Living Legacy initiative. These conservation reserves have been removed from mineral exploration and development activities. The Ontario Ministry of Northern Development and Mines (MNDM) has provided written documentation recognizing the Dryberry Lake Conservation Reserve boundaries and the policy direction surrounding mining activities, ensuring that exploration activities will not be pursued within the conservation reserve area (Appendix G).

Management direction:

MNDM, the lead agency on mining activities, has recognized the boundaries of the conservation reserve and have removed this area from any potential development. Mineral exploration or development, or any ancillary activities, will not be permitted within the conservation reserve.

5.2.5 Peat extraction

No peat resources have been identified in the conservation reserve.

Management direction:

Peat extraction activities will not be permitted as per Conservation Reserves Policy.

5.2.6 Commercial tourism

Under the Tourism Act (1990), a Tourist Establishment refers to:

…any premises operated to provide sleeping accommodation for the travelling public or sleeping accommodation for the use of the public engaging in recreational activities, and includes the services and facilities in connection with which sleeping accommodations is provided, but does not include,

a camp operated by a charitable corporation approved under the Charitable Institutions Act, or

a summer camp within the meaning of the regulations made under the Health Protection and Promotion Act, or

a club owned by its members and operated without profit or gain.

Management direction:

The existing tourist establishments and operations are permitted to continue, under the regulation of the Tourism Act and in accordance with Conservation Reserve Policy. As these establishments are not formally a part of the regulated conservation reserve, they are exempt from any management direction contained in this management plan. New commercial tourist establishments, or dispositions to support them, will not be permitted within this conservation reserve. Establishment of new tourist facilities could compromise the management objective of ensuring the continued remote and pristine character of Dryberry Lake. Furthermore, development of additional tourist facilities is not consistent with trophy waters fisheries management.

Trophy waters

Increased opportunity to catch and release an abundance of large and on occasion memorable sized fish is the objective for managing a lake as a trophy waters fishery. Special catch and possession restrictions apply to these lakes with the intent of limiting the number of large fish that are harvested. If fewer large fish are removed from the waters, greater numbers of large fish should result, thus increasing catch opportunities (Biologist Barry Corbett pers. comm., 2004).

Dryberry Lake is recognized as a high quality fishery for lake trout and muskellunge, two highly prized fish. The area offers anglers the chance to target the large size and aggressive nature of muskellunge, while enjoying the aesthetically-pleasing environment associated with the deep, clear waters of lake trout lakes (OMNR, 1987).

The Kenora District Fisheries Management Plan (OMNR, 1987) states the Kenora District’s management objective for lake trout waterbodies is to maximize high quality (catch per unit effort and trophy fish) recreational angling opportunities while maintaining self-sustaining populations. Changes in fishing regulations for the Dryberry Lake fishery were made to ensure the long-term sustainability of the resource, while enhancing the quality of one’s angling experience for both muskellunge and lake trout.

5.2.7 Outfitting services

Outfitting services may include the provision of recreational equipment, including various watercrafts such as canoes and boats, to resource users within the area. Currently these services are provided by lodges and outpost camps located within the Dryberry Lake Conservation Reserve.

Management direction:

This management plan will not support further development of, or dispositions for, new or existing outfitting services within the conservation reserve. According to the Recreation Inventory, the sport fish in Dryberry Lake are identified as the recreation feature that could be most sensitive to recreational use. The establishment of new outfitting services would provide greater angling opportunities. Increases in recreational use could intensify pressure on the sport fishery. Furthermore, permitting new or expanded outfitting services is not consistent with the primary management goal of maintaining the remote and pristine character of the lake.

5.2.8 Type B outpost camps/restricted land use permits

Currently there are no Type B outpost camps/restricted land use permits within the Dryberry Lake Conservation Reserve. Type B outpost camp means an encampment of structures temporarily established on Crown land to provide accommodation to clients of an operator, for a non-recurring, short term, single purpose site.

Management direction:

This management plan will not support the authorization of new Type B outpost camps within the conservation reserve i.e. commercial hunt camps.

5.2.9 Outpost camps

Outpost camps are housing structures provided for recreationalists to spend time to enjoy an area. Currently one outpost camp exists on private land within the conservation reserve. It is located on an island along the east portion of Dryberry Lake. This establishment has been developed on patented mining land dated before 1949, and is registered to a licensed Ontario tourist operator.

Management direction:

This management plan will not support the development of any additional or existing outpost camps within the conservation reserve. Additional or expanded outpost facilities could result in increased commercial angling opportunities which may not be consistent with trophy waters management. As previously stated, sport fish has been identified as the recreation feature that could be most sensitive to recreation use within Dryberry Lake Conservation Reserve. Furthermore, additional outpost facilities are not consistent with the management objective of ensuring the continued remote and pristine character of Dryberry Lake.

5.2.10 Resorts/lodges

Currently, there are two commercial resorts/lodges within close proximity to Dryberry Lake Conservation Reserve.

Management direction:

This management plan does not support any future development of resorts/lodges within the conservation reserve. The development of new resorts/lodges could compromise the management goal of ensuring the continued remote and pristine nature of the area by reducing the wilderness value. New resorts/lodges may adversely impact current users and the potential increase in angling pressure is not consistent with trophy waters management.

5.2.11 Private recreation camps (hunt camps)

There are no existing recreational hunt camps located within the Dryberry Lake Conservation Reserve boundary.

Management direction:

No new hunt camps will be allowed within the conservation reserve as per Conservation Reserves Policy.

5.2.12 Campgrounds

Currently there are no commercial campgrounds located within the Dryberry Lake Conservation Reserve.

Management direction:

This management plan will not support the development of commercial campgrounds within the Dryberry Lake Conservation Reserve. The establishment of commercial campgrounds is not consistent with the management goal of maintaining the pristine and remote character of the area. Furthermore, limited access to the conservation reserve suggests that commercial campgrounds could be better accommodated outside of its boundaries.

5.2.13 Crown land camping

Dryberry Lake Conservation Reserve falls within a non-resident no camping zone. Therefore, non-residents of Canada are not permitted to partake in Crown Land camping activities within the Dryberry Lake Conservation Reserve.

Management direction:

Resident camping remains a permitted use within the conservation reserve. The 21 day maximum stay per site regulation will apply within the boundaries. In anticipation of potential increases in interest/use of the Dryberry Lake Conservation Reserve, this plan recommends a non-resident no camping zone along the entire length of the Graphic Lake Road where overuse issues become evident. Although it is located outside of the conservation reserve boundary, the level and type of use this road sustains directly affects activity within the conservation reserve. The extension of the green zone could promote the remote and pristine character of the Dryberry Lake area.

5.2.14 Campsite designation

Respondents indicated that the designation of campsites within the conservation reserve would enhance their experience of the area. Currently, resident resource users are allowed to camp anywhere within the Dryberry Lake area subject to Crown Land Camping Restrictions.

Management direction:

This management plan will continue to permit resident recreational camping within the Dryberry Lake area as a means of experiencing solitude and nature in a protected area. Due to administrative and enforcement issues, designated and maintained campsites are not practical for the Dryberry Lake Conservation Reserve at this time. However, signage at access points may indicate the location of good campsites within the conservation reserve and provide messages about proper campsite maintenance and usage to the users.

5.2.15 Access roads

In past years, the Ulster Road to the west of the conservation reserve, and the Highwind Lake Road to the north, provided vehicular access to Dryberry Lake. Both of these roads no longer receive regular maintenance and have deteriorated to a point that no longer permits vehicle passage.

The Graphic Lake Road to the northwest still enables road access to Dryberry Lake and is used by day-trippers, property owners and recreationalists, despite its poor condition. The Graphic Lake Road provides the only means of vehicular access into Dryberry Lake Conservation Reserve.

Management direction:

No new access roads will be permitted within Dryberry Lake Conservation Reserve as per Conservation Reserves Policy. Renewed access into the conservation reserve via the Ulster and Highwind Lake roads will not be permitted. Abandonment strategies will be applied to these roads.

The primary means of access into Dryberry Lake Conservation Reserve is by the Graphic Lake Road. Public consultation confirms that a significant number of respondents access the conservation reserve by this road. Current Conservation Reserve Policy states that existing roads can continue to be used and maintained. This management plan would support maintenance of the Graphic Lake Road. However, in the interest of the objectives of the conservation reserve, and recognizing the concerns of stakeholders and interest groups, the Graphic Lake Road should not be upgraded to allow free and easy access of all vehicle types. The current state of the road limits access to some vehicle types. Although the majority of the road is outside the conservation reserve the intent and objective of the conservation reserve and this management plan should be considered when entertaining any road maintenance projects for the Graphic Lake Road.

This management plan would support the development of a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) with users of the Graphic Lake Road in order to maintain it. A critical element of any MOU would be that existing public access and travel will remain free and open to the public. The road will remain Crown land.

Other than a low level maintenance regime (i.e. having the road remain in a rough/rugged state), this plan does not support any access controls along the Graphic Lake Road.

Responses generated through the public consultation process have confirmed the amount of use and interest in the continued existence of the Graphic Lake Road. Any reviews of the District’s road use management strategies will consider all related comments received.

5.2.16 Crown land dispositions

There are 17 patent properties located within, or within close proximity to (200 meters), the conservation reserve’s boundary, all of which have structural development. Two tourist establishments exist as part of these patent properties. No Crown leases or land use permits are located within the Dryberry Lake Conservation Reserve.

Management direction:

The sale of Crown land is not permitted within the conservation reserve. Minor dispositions may occur to support existing uses, such as the reconstruction of a septic system, provided that reserve values are not compromised. This management direction is in accordance with the Conservation Reserves Policy where it addresses Land Dispositions.

5.2.17 Boat caches

A boat cache program was implemented in the Northwest region in 1981 which required all boats cached on Crown land to display a decal with an assigned identification number. Boat caches are separated into three categories; commercial, resource harvester, and recreational or private.

Commercial boat caches are used to support commercial tourism activities such as angling and hunting. The authority holder must be a tourist outfitter licensed under the Tourism Act, a houseboat operator with 4 or more rental units, or a licensed air carrier.

Resource harvester boat caches are those that are utilized in support of commercial bait fishing and/or fur harvesting activities. The authority holder must hold a valid licence or have approval for the commercial harvest or utilization of natural resources, and must require the regular use of a boat.

Recreation boat caches are used to support personal recreational activities. Recreation boat cache authority can only be held by residents of Ontario or non-residents who require the use of a boat to access private property.

No commercial or private boat caches currently exist within the Dryberry Lake Conservation Reserve. Four resource harvester boat caches exist within the conservation reserve.

Management direction:

Existing resource harvester boat caches are permitted to continue to exist unless significant conflicts are demonstrated. No new boat caches for commercial or private use will be permitted. The establishment of new boat cache authority within the conservation reserve is not consistent with the primary management objective of ensuring the remote and pristine character of Dryberry Lake. All unauthorized boat caches will be removed.

5.2.18 Commercial boat caches

No commercial boat caches currently exist within the Dryberry Lake Conservation Reserve boundaries.

Management direction:

New commercial boat caches will not be permitted within Dryberry Lake Conservation Reserve. New commercial boat caches could result in increased angling pressure which is not consistent with the management goals of the conservation reserve. Furthermore, the added pressure to the sport fishery is not consistent with trophy waters management. Unauthorized commercial boat caches will be removed.

5.2.19 Resource harvester boat caches

Resource harvester boat caches are those that are used in support of commercial bait fishing and/or fur harvesting activities. Currently, there are four boat caches within the conservation reserve boundaries that are registered for purposes of resource harvesting.

Management decisions:

Use of existing resource harvester boat caches are permitted to continue within the conservation reserve. New resource harvester boat caches and the re- location of existing resource harvester boat caches may be permitted provided they are deemed necessary (i.e. for safety) and are subject to the test of compatibility. Unauthorized resource harvester boat caches will be removed.

5.2.20 Recreation (private) boat caches

No private recreational boat caches currently exist within Dryberry Lake Conservation Reserve.

Management direction:

No new private recreational boat caches will be permitted. The establishment of new boat cache authority for personal use is not consistent with the management goal of protecting the remote and pristine character of Dryberry Lake and the trophy waters fishery. Unauthorized recreation boat caches will be removed.

5.2.21 Trail development

For the purposes of this plan, designated trails refer to those trails that are currently in existence and are not limited to those trails that are mapped and/or maintained by an organized group or club i.e. OFSC trails.

For the purposes of this plan, the designated trails within the conservation reserve are as follows.

The following three canoe/portage routes are documented within the Dryberry Lake Conservation Reserve: the Rushing River – Highwind Lake Route; the Rushing River – Sioux Narrows Loop; and the Vermilion Bay – Whitefish Bay Route. (Refer to Appendix H for illustration of canoe/portage routes within the conservation reserve). In addition, public comments reveal the use of a fourth canoe route which begins at Beach Bay and loops south, then travels east and eventually north through Dryberry Lake into Point Lake.

The Ontario Federation of Snowmobile Clubs' (OFSC) prescribed trail network has a trail which passes through the conservation reserve and is titled the Dryberry Trail (Figure 2). Concerns were raised during public consultation regarding the excessive and unsightly signage posted along the snowmobile trail. Furthermore, there is concern that the current trail location, northwest of the conservation reserve, conflicts with cultural heritage values.

Due to current and historical snowmobile use across Dryberry Lake, all portions of the frozen water should be considered designated trail for the purposes of this management plan. Additions to this list of designated trails may be considered where it can be demonstrated that inventory efforts missed a particular trail and that it has been in existence prior to regulation of the conservation reserve May 21, 2003.

snowmobile trail that passes through the Dryberry lake conservation reserve.

Enlarge this image of snowmobile trails passign through Dryberry Lake conservation reserve

Management direction:

Use and maintenance of the designated trails, as described above, is permitted to continue. Construction of new trails to support any recreational activity will not be permitted within the conservation reserve. The rationale for this direction is that new trail development could challenge the management goal of protecting the remote and pristine character of the Dryberry Lake area. Minor exceptions may be considered where current routes conflict with natural heritage values and alternate locations are sought to ensure protection of the values.

5.2.22 all terrain vehicle use

All Terrain Vehicle (ATV) use was listed by respondents as a mode for accessing the conservation reserve (<5%). However, in addition to gaining access to the conservation reserve via ATV's, it is assumed that cottagers located on patent land within and adjacent to the reserve use ATV's to travel in and amongst their properties.

Management direction:

ATV use on designated trails is a permitted activity within the conservation reserve; however off-trail use of ATV's is not permitted except for the direct retrieval of game as per current Conservation Reserves Policy. Development of new ATV trails will not be permitted because these new land uses would compromise the remote and pristine character of the area. See also Trail Development (Section 5.2.21).

5.2.23 Snowmobiling (on trails/off trails)

Refer to Figure 2 for illustration of the OFSC Dryberry snowmobile trail that passes through the Dryberry Lake Conservation Reserve. Snowmobile travel also likely occurs along the trail system north of Dryberry Lake, on the former Highwind Lake Road, and across Dryberry Lake itself.

Results from public consultation indicate that snowmobiling is a popular mode for accessing the Dryberry Lake area. In the winter season, it is the primary means of access into the conservation reserve.

Management direction:

Existing use of snowmobiles will be permitted to continue on the designated trails located within the Dryberry Lake Conservation Reserve. This management plan permits off-trail snowmobiling exclusively for the direct retrieval of game. Construction of new snowmobile trails will not be permitted within the conservation reserve because these new land uses could compromise the primary management goal of ensuring the continued remote and pristine nature of the area. See also Section 5.2.21 - Trail Development.

5.2.24 Rock climbing

Currently, four rock climbing routes that are popular with local climbers have been identified and documented along the northeast shore of Point Lake within the conservation reserve boundary (The Alpine Club of Canada, 2001). All are accessible by water only. Please refer to Appendix D for a map of their location.

Management direction:

This Resource Management Plan will permit rock climbing to continue on the documented sites within the conservation reserve provided that there no significant conflicts are demonstrated. However, to protect any unidentified cultural heritage values within the area, this plan does not support development of additional rock climbing sites within the Dryberry Lake Conservation Reserve. Furthermore, this plan does not support the development of any infrastructure at these sites.

5.2.25 Signage

User conflicts, including misuse of the area, have been identified through public consultation, field visits, and preparation of this Resource Management Plan. Many of these issues could be addressed through educational signage.

Management direction:

Signage may be placed by the OMNR at access points, or other appropriate locations, provided that natural heritage values are not compromised. The signage would inform visitors about the conservation reserve’s known camping sites, non-resident camping regulations, etc. Messages may describe other permitted and non-permitted uses such as: education on garbage disposal, use of access points, management of the fishery, the protection of cultural heritage values, and to inform resource users of their responsibilities as they pertain to the site and its protected values. No commercial signage (advertisements) will be permitted within the conservation reserve.

This management plan supports OFSC signage to promote safe travel, but does not support any other signs associated with trails (i.e. advertising). Any such signage will be placed in a manner that does not compromise natural heritage values. Furthermore, signage will be removed in the non-operating season.

5.2.26 Public boat launch

Management and public consultation identified concerns regarding the condition of the public boat launch at the Graphic Lake Road access point and its associated parking lot. These concerns relate to lack of space for turning and parking, vehicle congestion, difficulty in accessing the launch, the deteriorated state of the launch and turn around, state of the existing dock, and erosion of launch site entering the waters.

Management direction:

Maintenance and improvements to the launch and parking area on the northwest arm are supported by this management plan. The rationale for permitting maintenance and/or upgrades is that this activity could reduce negative impacts to natural values in the area of the launch (i.e. reduce surface run-off into the water at the boat launch, limit the damage to vegetation). A parking area could be established in a suitable location away from the lake and launching area. Creating a designated parking area away from the lake will facilitate safe launching and turning around and will also limit the impacts to adjacent property owner(s). This management plan would support the upgrading and/or maintenance of the existing dock. In its current state, the dock presents some safety issues to users. Slight modifications and minimal maintenance of the dock could reduce the safety hazard(s).

5.2.27 Motor boat use (commercial/private)

Commercial and personal motor boat use occurs on Dryberry Lake. Due to the large size and depth of the lake, combined with large expanses of open water, motor boats provide the primary means for angling activities. Furthermore, property owners also use motor boats, including pontoon boats, to transport supplies from the Graphic Lake Road access point to their properties.

Management direction:

Personal and commercial use of motor boats is a permitted activity within this conservation reserve as per Conservation Reserves Policy. Signage may be placed at the Graphic Lake Road access point to educate users about the intentions of the conservation reserve to maintain a pristine and remote environment, including safe and conscientious recreational use.

5.2.28 Non-motorized recreation travel

As stated in section 5.2.21 – Trail Development, there are four canoe routes spanning the Dryberry Lake Conservation Reserve. Management activities and public consultation indicate that canoeing, hiking, and kayaking activities occur within the Dryberry Lake area.

Management direction:

Non-mechanized travel is a permitted activity within the Dryberry Lake Conservation Reserve as per Conservation Reserves Policy (May 2003).

5.3 Fisheries resource

5.3.1 Commercial fishing

Commercial fish are defined as any fish that are harvested by the commercial fishing industry under the authority of a commercial fishing license(OMNR, 1987). Commercial fisheries have operated on Dryberry Lake during 1958, 1961-1965, 1969-1984, and 1986 (OMNR, District Files). Lake whitefish were primarily sought on Dryberry Lake, comprising 80.7% of the total harvest during these years. Other harvested species included lake trout (9.9% of the harvest), northern pike (5.4%), suckers (3.3%), and burbot (0.7%). Since 1987, no commercial fisheries have operated on this lake.

Management direction:

This management plan will not support new commercial fishing operations within Dryberry Lake Conservation Reserve. This activity will not be permitted because it is not consistent with the management objective of maintaining the health of the area’s fishery.

5.3.2 Baitfishing

The Dryberry Lake Conservation Reserve includes portions of the following five commercial baitfish and leech harvest areas:

Table 1: Baitfish/leech blocks

Baitfish/Leech Block #	Managed by:
494934	Kenora District, OMNR
495934	Kenora District, OMNR
495941	Kenora District, OMNR
495933	Dryden District, OMNR
496934	Kenora District, OMNR

Management direction:

The existing five baitfish and leech harvest blocks/areas are permitted to continue, unless future significant demonstrated conflicts should arise as per Conservation Reserve Policy (May 2003). As per the Ontario Fishery Regulations (1989), the commercial baitfish industry may legally harvest any of the following fish:

Mudminnow family (Umbridae)
Sucker family (Catostomidae)
Stickleback family (Gasterosteidae)
Lake herring (Coregonus artedii) of the whitefish family (Coregontidae)
Darter subfamily (Etheostomatinae)
Trout-perch family (Percopsidae)
Sculpin family (Cottidae)
Minnow family (Cyprinidae), excluding carp (Cyprinus carpio) and goldfish (Carassius auratus), and
Crayfish family (Astacidea)

The issuing of new baitfish and/or leech operations within the Dryberry Lake Conservation Reserve is not possible as all areas are currently allocated. However, the transfer in ownership of baitfish/leech blocks will be considered, subject to the test of compatibility as per Conservation Reserve Policy (May 2003).

5.3.3 Sport fishing

The Kenora District Fisheries Management Plan (OMNR, 1987) states that Kenora District’s management objective for lake trout waterbodies is to maximize high quality (catch per unit effort and trophy fish) recreational angling opportunities while maintaining self-sustaining populations. Changes in fishing regulations for the Dryberry Lake fishery were made to ensure the long-term sustainability of the resource, while enhancing the quality of one’s angling experience for both muskellunge and lake trout.

Management direction:

Sport fishing is a permitted activity within conservation reserves. Dryberry Lake is currently being managed as a trophy fishery. As such, special provisions have been made to ensure that this trophy fishery status is maintained. These provisions include special regulations pertaining to the harvesting of lake trout and muskellunge.

This resource management plan supports regulations which promote and sustain the high quality fishery in Dryberry Lake. The regulations pertaining to this fishery can be found in the annual Recreational Fishing Regulations Summary. This summary is in compliance with the Federal Fisheries Act & Regulations and the provincial Fish and Wildlife Conservation Act.

5.3.4 Fish stocking

Several fish stocking attempts have been made on Dryberry Lake, as outlined in Table 2. Neither walleye, nor brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) stocking attempts were successful because the ideal habitat requirements of these species are lacking in Dryberry Lake (OMNR, Lake Survey Files – Dryberry Lake 1960). Furthermore, the stocking of lake trout was deemed insignificant when compared to the natural reproductive capabilities of even small populations present. For these reasons, no further fish stocking projects have been undertaken on Dryberry Lake.

Table 2: The history of fish stocking attempts on Dryberry Lake.
Year	# Walleye Fry introduced	# Lake Trout Fry introduced	# Brook Trout yearlings introduced
1940		30,000	2,000
1941			2,000
1942	1,500,000	40,000	600
1945		4,000
1946		4,000
1947		4,000
1948		4,000
1949		4,000
1950	500,000
Total	2,000,000	90,000	4,600

Management direction:

Although past stocking attempts failed or were deemed unnecessary, the conservation reserve will follow the most appropriate and current resource management direction applicable to the watershed. Fisheries programs, such as stocking, would be subject to the Environmental Assessment Act. This would require an evaluation of the impacts of the proposal and public consultation prior to approval.

5.3.5 Fish habitat management

Concern was generated during public consultation about the current state of the Graphic Lake public boat launch and its associated parking lot. Surface run-off and stability of the slope potentially impact the surface waters located around this site.

The build-up of logging debris, specifically bark accumulation found along the Berry River immediately adjacent to the conservation reserve, was also a concern. This build-up of bark is the result of past log boom activities which occurred in the Dryberry Lake area. The public expressed concern that this bark accumulation could impact/impede fish migration both in and out of Dryberry Lake. Furthermore, it was felt that impacts on the aquatic vegetation may affect water quality and fisheries habitat adjacent to the conservation reserve.

Management direction:

Fish habitat enhancement and improvement projects will be supported by this management plan. These activities would directly contribute to the primary management goal of maintaining the health of the area’s fishery.

5.4 Forestry resources

5.4.1 Commercial timber harvest

Prior to regulation (May 21, 2003) Dryberry Lake Conservation Reserve was situated mostly within the Whiskey Jack Forest of the Kenora District. However, a small sliver of the reserve (approximately 8.2 hectares) east of Point Lake was in the Wabigoon Forest under the jurisdiction of the Dryden District OMNR. Abitibi Consolidated Company of Canada Inc. and Weyerhaeuser Company Ltd. are the Sustainable Forest License (SFL) issuants for the Whiskey Jack and Wabigoon Forests, respectively, and therefore hold the rights for timber harvesting within these forests.

Prior to the implementation of Ontario’s Living Legacy, logging took place during the 1998 to 1999 harvest period along the south basin of Dryberry Lake, extending partially into the currently recognized conservation reserve’s southern boundary. Since 1999, further harvesting activities have taken place outside of the conservation reserve boundary to the south, and more recently, west of Dryberry Lake. The forest industry has respected and complied with the delineated boundaries set for this conservation reserve with respect to their harvesting activities and, as such, have prohibited any logging activities from occurring within its defined boundaries (OMNR, 1999).

Management direction:

Commercial forest harvesting is not permitted within conservation reserves as per Conservation Reserves Policy (May 2003). This management plan will not support any ancillary activities (i.e. camps) associated with this activity.

5.4.2 Insect/disease suppression

As part of the Boreal Forest, parts of the conservation reserve have been subject to past insect outbreaks including the Forest Tent Caterpillar (Malacosoma disstria), Spruce Budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana), and Jack Pine Budworm (Choristoneura pinus). These natural processes will likely occur again in the future.

Management Direction:

The decision for MNR to manage insect and disease outbreaks is usually related to maintaining eligible timber until such time as harvesting can occur. As timber harvesting is not a permitted use within the conservation reserve, these natural processes will be permitted to occur without intervention. For example, the application of microbial control agent - Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), to control budworm will not be permitted within the conservation reserve. However, if it was deemed necessary through the appropriate processes, this management plan would support the application of control agents to the lands within the conservation reserve if the forest/vegetation was threatened by an infestation of a non-native species.

5.4.3 Fuelwood and other small scale uses

The intended purposes of fuelwood timber include use as a fuel source and other occasional, small-scale uses. Fuelwood is not intended to allow large-scale cutting for building structures such as log homes. Currently, there are no fuelwood permits issued to any of the property owners within or near the Dryberry Lake Conservation Reserve.

Management direction:

The cutting of trees for non-commercial purposes will not be authorized by permit. Exceptions will be granted to leaseholders, cottagers and other property owners who do not have road access to their property and who have no alternative means to obtain fuelwood outside of the conservation reserve boundaries. Any applications will be subject to a "test of compatibility, and subject to a review and determination of the impact that such cutting would have on the values. This resource management plan would support this activity provided that permits issued would be limited to personal use only. These management directions are in accordance with Conservation Reserves Policy.

5.4.4 Vegetation management

Dryberry Lake Conservation Reserve represents a transition zone between the Boreal and the Great Lakes – St. Lawrence (Mixed Forest) vegetative regions, but is predominated by the Boreal Forest Zone. The presence of mixedwood and monotypic red and white pine forest stands within the conservation reserve represent the Great Lakes – St. Lawrence Forest Regions. Vegetation management includes such techniques as allowing the natural process of forest succession to occur within these various ecosystems.

Management direction:

Vegetation management within the conservation reserve will follow the most appropriate direction applicable to the area immediately outside the conservation reserve boundaries. However, the adopted strategy must be consistent with the other management directions of this Resource Management Plan. This management direction is consistent with Conservation Reserves Policy (May 2003).

5.4.5 Fire suppression

Since 1929, the Dryberry Lake area has been subject to 19 forest fires, most of which have been small scale burns of less than 0.1 hectare in size (OMNR, 2002). The most substantial forest fires affecting the area occurred during 1974 and 1980, burning much of the forest along the northeastern portion of Dryberry Lake, particularly around Point Lake.

Management direction:

The OMNR recognizes fire as an essential process fundamental to the ecological integrity of conservation reserves. In accordance with existing Conservation Reserve Policy and the Forest Fire Management Strategy for Ontario, forest fire protection will be carried out as on surrounding lands.

Dryberry Lake is located within the Boreal Fire Management Zone. All fires within this zone will be actively suppressed until the fire is declared out. Fire management activities in the zone are characterized by efficient and effective operations. Fires not responding to continuous suppression action will require an Escaped Fire Strategy Analysis and future action will be dependent upon capability and availability of suppression resources and the resource management objectives for the area.

Whenever feasible, the OMNR fire program will endeavor to use light on the land techniques, which do not unduly disturb the landscape, in this conservation reserve. Examples of light on the land techniques may include limiting the use of heavy equipment and limiting the number of trees felled during fire response efforts.

The management directions described above are consistent with Conservation Reserves Policy (May 2003).

5.4.6 Prescribed burning

Red pine (Pinus resinosa), white pine (Pinus strobes) and jack pine (Pinus banksiana) are species that require fire as part of their natural life cycle. Fire is essential in the regeneration of these species, as well as in maintaining old growth red and white pine stands.

Management direction:

Opportunities for prescribed burning to achieve ecological or resource management objectives may be considered. These management objectives will be developed with public consultation prior to any prescribed burning, and reflected in the document that provides management direction for this conservation reserve. Plans for any prescribed burning will be developed in accordance with the MNR Prescribed Burn Planning Manual and the Class Environmental Assessment for Provincial Parks and Conservation Reserves (in preparation). These management directions are consistent with Conservation Reserves Policy.

5.5 Wildlife resources

5.5.1 Commercial fur harvesting

The Dryberry Lake Conservation Reserve includes all or portions of seven trapline areas managed by both the Kenora and Dryden Districts of the OMNR. Three trapline cabins exist within the boundary of the conservation reserve.

the boundaries of all trapline areas represented within the Dryberry Lake Conservation Reserve.

boundaries of the four bear management areas represented within the Dryberry lake conservation reserve.

Table 3: Traplines
Trapline area number:	Managed by:
DR33	Dryden District
KE114	Kenora District
KE117	Kenora District
KE118	Kenora District
KE110	Kenora District
KE111	Kenora District
KE116	Kenora District

Table 4: Implementation plan for Dryberry Lake Conservation Reserve
Objectives	Action	Target date
Conservation reserve brochure	Develop a brochure and map for public distribution of the Dryberry Lake Conservation Reserve highlighting various features and access points within the area.	Spring 2005
Signage in conservation reserve	Install a sign at the Graphic Lake access point to provide information and highlight various features of the area, including non-resident camping regulations, camp site locations, fishing regulations, promoting the cultural heritage of the site and its protection, etc. (For further comments see Section 5.2.25)	Spring 2005
Public boat launch & associated parking lot	Evaluate the state of the public boat launch and associated parking lot from an environmental, safety, and use perspective	Fall 2005
Public boat launch & associated parking lot	Develop and submit a capital project proposal to mitigate any environmental and safety issues identified above if necessary.	Fall 2006
Boom logging debris	Assess impacts that boom logging debris on the Berry river is having on surrounding water quality and fisheries habitat.	Spring 2006
Boom logging debris	Develop and submit a capital project proposal to mitigate any environmental and safety issues identified above. Maintain/improve the area based upon use issues identified above	Spring 2006
Graphic Lake Road access	Explore opportunities to enter into partnerships agreements with various interest groups for the maintenance of the Graphic Lake Road	2006
Graphic Lake Road access	Enter into partnership agreement	2007 - 2009
Campsite cleanup	Develop work plan to clean up Dryberry Lake camp sites. Opportunities could involve Stewardship Rangers, Boyscouts, local clubs, etc.	Spring 2005

Table 5a: Permitted activities within Dryberry Lake Conservation Reserve (C2357) Lands and waters resource use
Activity	Permitted	Guidelines
Aggregate extraction	No
Energy transmission and communications corridors	Maybe	If no demonstrated alternatives exist
Commercial hydro development	No
Mineral exploration and development	No
Peat extraction	No
Commercial tourism existing	Yes
Commercial tourism new	No
Outfitting services existing	Yes
Outfitting services new	No
Outpost camps existing	Yes
Outpost camps new	No
Resorts/lodges existing	Yes
Resorts/lodges new	No
Private recreation camps	No
Campgrounds	No
Crown land camping resident	Yes	Subject to Crown Land camping restrictions green zone (non-resident no camping).
Crown land camping non-resident	No	Subject to Crown Land camping restrictions green zone (non-resident no camping).
Campsite designation	No
Access roads existing	Yes
Access roads new	No
Crown land dispositions	No	Minor dispositions may be permitted to support existing uses.
Commercial boat caches	No
Resource harvester boat caches existing	Yes	Relocation of existing boat caches, or new boat caches will be subject to the test of compatibility.
Resource harvester boat caches new	Maybe	Relocation of existing boat caches, or new boat caches will be subject to the test of compatibility.
Recreation boat caches	No
Trail development existing	Yes
Trail development new	No
All Terrain Vehicle use existing	Yes
All Terrain Vehicle use new	No
Snowmobiling existing	Yes	Off-trail snowmobiling is permitted only for the direct retrieval of game or over frozen water bodies.
Snowmobiling new	No	Off-trail snowmobiling is permitted only for the direct retrieval of game or over frozen water bodies.
Rock climbing existing	Yes
Rock climbing	No
Signage existing	Yes	OFSC signage only to promote safe travel, not advertising and should be removed in the non- operating season.
Signage new	Yes
Public boat launch	Yes	Maintenance and upgrades will be permitted.
Motor boat use	Yes
Non-motorized recreation travel	Yes

Table 5b: Permitted activities within Dryberry Lake Conservation Reserve (C2357) Fisheries resource
Activity	Permitted	Guidelines
Commercial fishing	No
Baitfishing existing	Yes	Transfer of ownership will be considered based on the test of compatibility.
Baitfishing new	N/A
Sport fishing	Yes	As per the current Recreational Fishing Regulations Summary.
Fish stocking	Maybe	Subject to the Environmental Assessment Act.
Fish habitat management	Yes

Table 5c: Permitted activities within Dryberry Lake Conservation Reserve (C2357) Forestry resources
Activity	Permitted	Guidelines
Commercial timber harvest	No
Insect/disease suppression	Maybe	If forest/vegetation is threatened by infestation of non-native species.
Fuelwood and other small scale uses	Maybe	Applications will only be considered from property owners for personal use.
Vegetation management	Yes	Consistent with management direction for areas immediately outside of conservation reserve.
Fire suppression	Yes	According to Forest Fire Management Strategy for Ontario and Conservation Reserves Policy.
Prescribed burning	Yes	Plans to be developed in accordance with MNR Prescribed Burn Planning Manual and the Class EA for Provincial Parks and Conservation Reserves.

Table 5d: Permitted activities within Dryberry Lake Conservation Reserve (C2357) Wildlife resources
Activity	Permitted	Guidelines
Commercial fur harvesting existing	Yes	Transfer of ownership of existing traplines will be subject to the test of compatibility .
Commercial fur harvesting new	N/A	Transfer of ownership of existing traplines will be subject to the test of compatibility .
Trap cabins existing	Yes	Relocation of existing cabins may be considered subject to test of compatibility .
Trap cabins	No	Relocation of existing cabins may be considered subject to test of compatibility .
Bear hunting by non-resident existing	Yes	Transfer in BMA ownership will be considered subject to test of compatibility .
Bear hunting by non-resident new	N/A
Hunting	Yes
Wildlife population management	Maybe	In accordance with the most appropriate and current direction that is applicable to the area immediately outside the conservation reserve boundaries.
Wildlife viewing	Yes

Table 5e: Permitted activities within Dryberry Lake Conservation Reserve (C2357) Other alternate uses
Activity	Permitted	Guidelines
Collecting commercial	No	Subject to applicable legislation.
Collecting personal	Yes
Food harvesting (commercial)	No
Food harvesting (personal)	Yes
Historical appreciation	Yes	Subject to applicable provincial legislation.
Inventory/monitoring	Yes
Law enforcement	Yes
Litter (prevention)	Yes	Through law enforcement and public education efforts.
Research	Yes
Wild rice harvesting native	Yes
Wild rice harvesting non-native	No

Term	Definition	Source
Archean	The earliest eon of Precambrian time, older than 2500 million years.	Blackburn, 2002
Batholith	A very large body of intrusive rock, usually granite.	Kean, 1993
Chattermarks	A series of chipped-out crescent shaped fractures on the surface of glacially scoured rocks.	Blackburn, 2002
Foliation	Tectonically imposed planar structure in rocks defined by mineral layering and/or orientation.	Blackburn, 2002
Gabbro	Mafic igneous intrusive rock composed of calcic feldspar and a mafic mineral, commonly pyroxene and/or hornblende.	Blackburn, 2002
Glacial Striations	Scratches and scours, commonly parallel to each other, on rock surfaces that are derived by the abrasive action of rock fragments embedded in glacial ice as it moves over the surface.	Blackburn, 2002
Gneiss	Coarsely crystalline rock in which a layering is defined by alternation of light and dark minerals and/or granular and platy minerals.	Blackburn, 2002
Granite	Specific term applied to granitic rocks in which potassic feldspar exceeds sodic feldspar. Biotite is the common mafic mineral.	Blackburn, 2002
Granitic	General term applied to intrusive igneous rocks with visibly distinct crystallinity that are quartz-bearing: includes granite, granodiorite, tonalite and quartz diorite.	Blackburn, 2002
Granitoid	Commonly used in same sense as granitic.	Blackburn, 2002
Granodiorite	Granitic rock with similar amounts of potassic and sodic feldspar, and commonly biotite as the mafic mineral component.	Blackburn, 2002
Greenstone	General term for dark coloured volcanic rocks that have been metamorphosed to a characteristic dark green colour.	Blackburn, 2002
Igneous Rock	Rock that has crystallized from molten material, known as magma.	Kean, 1993
Intrusive Rock	Igneous rock that forms intrusions; as opposed to volcanic or extrusive rock which is erupted from a volcano.	Kean, 1993
Mafic	Refers to igneous rocks with a high content of magnesium-rich minerals, commonly imparting a dark colour to the rock.	Blackburn, 2002
Meta (prefix)	Implies metamorphism of the rock type to which it is applied, e.g. metasedimentary.	Blackburn, 2002
Metamorphic Rock	A rock converted from pre-existing rock in the earth’s crust by changes in temperature and pressure or by chemical action of fluids.	Kean, 1993
Rôches Moutonnée	Glacial landform in which an elongate rock knob has been smoothed and striated by glacial ice action on the up-ice side and fractured and plucked on the down-ice side, resembling the form of a sheep lying in a field.	Blackburn, 2002
Sedimentary Rock	Rock formed by accumulation and cementing of loose sediment (e.g., sandstone), the deposition of chemical compounds held in solution in water (e.g., limestone), or by the accumulation of animal or plant debris (e.g., coal).	Kean, 1993
Tonalite	Granitic rock with a predominance of sodic feldspar over potassic feldspar, with hornblende and/or biotite as mafic mineral component.	Blackburn, 2002
Volcanic	Term applied to igneous rocks in which cooling and subsequent crystallization occurred at the earth’s surface.	Blackburn, 2002

Family	Scientific name	Common name
Catostomidae	Catostomus commersoni	White Sucker
Centrarchidae	Micropterus dolomieui	Smallmouth Bass
Centrarchidae	Ambloplites rupestris	Rock Bass
Cottidae	Cottus bairdi	Mottled Sculpin
Coregontidae	Coregonus artedii	Cisco
Coregontidae	Coregonus clupeaformis	Lake Whitefish
Cyprinidae	Notemigonus crysoleucas	Golder Shiner
Cyprinidae	Notropis atherinoides	Emerald Shiner
Cyprinidae	Notropis heterolepis	Blacknose Shiner
Cyprinidae	Notropis hudsonius	Spottail Shiner
Cyprinidae	Notropis volucellus	Mimic Shiner
Cyprinidae	Pimephales notatus	Bluntnose Minnow
Esocidae	Esox lucius	Northern Pike
Esocidae	Esox masquinongy	Muskellunge
Gadidae	Lota lota	Burbot
Percidae	Etheostoma exile	Iowa Darter
Percidae	Etheostoma nigrum	Johnny Darter
Percidae	Perca flavescens	Yellow Perch
Salmonidae	Salvelinus namaycush	Lake Trout

Updated: July 08, 2021

Published: October 24, 2018