Mozhabong Lake Conservation Reserve Management Statement

Statement of Conservation Interest

Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources
Information and Resource Management, Sudbury District
December 2004

Ce document est seulement disponsible en anglais.

Approval statement

I am pleased to approve this Statement of Conservation Interest (SCI) for Mozhabong Lake Conservation Reserve (C323).

Mozhabong Lake Conservation Reserve encompasses Mozhabong Lake and Mozhabong River, which supports a self-sustaining lake trout population. The islands, peninsulas and wetlands of the conservation reserve provide important aquatic feeding areas and winter habitat for moose. Regulated on October 5, 2001, this 4,354 hectare conservation reserve is situated in Jasper, Alton, Del Villano, Beebe and Hotte Townships and approximately 90 kilometres north of Webbwood.

Direction for establishing, planning and managing conservation reserves is defined under the Public Lands Act, the Crown Land Use Policy Atlas, the Ontario’s Living Legacy Land Use Strategy and other applicable policies. The specific direction for managing this conservation reserve is in the form of a basic SCI, which defines the area to which the plan applies, provides the purpose for which the conservation reserve has been proposed, and outlines the Ministry of Natural Resources' management intent for the protected area. This SCI has been created with input from program specialists within the Sudbury District. It will provide both the foundation for the continued monitoring of activities and guidance for the management of the conservation reserve. More detailed direction at this time is not anticipated. However, should significant facility development be considered or complex issues arise requiring additional studies, more detailed management direction in the form of special protection measures, or a detailed Resource Management Plan, will be prepared with full public consultation.

Public and Aboriginal consultation occurred prior to the regulation of this conservation reserve. An additional 30-day consultation period took place from November 12^th to December 13^th 2004 that provided stakeholders with an opportunity to comment on the draft SCI. Comments from the review period have been considered in the development of this document.

The management guidelines outlined in this SCI will be implemented by the Espanola Area Supervisor, and will be reviewed every five years and amended as required by the District Planner, Sudbury District and Ministry of Natural Resources.

Prepared by:
Mike Jackson
Crown Land and Protected Areas Planning Assistant

Recommended For Approval by:
Bud Hebner
Espanola Area Supervisor

Date: March 1/05

Cindy Blancher-Smith
District Manager, Sudbury District

Date: March 10/05

Approved by:
Rob Galloway
Regional Director, Northeast Region

Date: March 17/05

Executive summary

The purpose of this Statement of Conservation Interest is to identify and describe the natural, recreational, and cultural values of Mozhabong Lake Conservation Reserve and to outline and guide the Ministry of Natural Resources' management intent for this area.

Mozhabong Lake Conservation Reserve (C323) was regulated on October 5, 2001. The 4,354 hectare conservation reserve is situated in Jasper, Alton, Del Villano, Beebe and Hotte Townships and is located approximately 90 kilometres north of Webbwood. The administrative details of the site are summarized in Table 1 below.

Mozhabong Lake Conservation Reserve encompasses Mozhabong Lake and Mozhabong River, which supports a self-sustaining lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) population. The islands, peninsulas and wetlands of the conservation reserve provide important aquatic feeding areas and winter habitat for moose. The protection of these features is considered paramount and, as such, any future management decisions that affect these values will require a thorough evaluation to ensure that the values remain protected.

Table 1: Administrative details for Mozhabong Lake Conservation Reserve (C323).

1.0 Introduction

The following document is a Statement of Conservation Interest (SCI) for Mozhabong Lake Conservation Reserve (C323). The purpose of this SCI is to identify and describe the natural, recreational, and cultural values of Mozhabong Lake Conservation Reserve and to outline the Ministry of Natural Resources' management intent for this area. The first three sections of this document highlight the provincial context in which it was produced, state its goal and objectives, and summarize the planning process for conservation reserves. Sections 4.0 through 7.0 are specific to Mozhabong Lake Conservation Reserve and provide background information and management direction for the site. Section 8.0 outlines the requirements for continued implementation and review of this document.

Management direction specified in this SCI will serve to protect the conservation reserve for the benefit of all Ontario residents. This direction will comply with the land use intent and guidelines stated in the Crown Land Use Policy Atlas (CLUPA) on the internet at /page/crown-land-use-policy-atlas The CLUPA is a consolidation of existing local land use policies for Crown lands within the Ontario Living Legacy Land Use Strategy (LUS) (1999) planning area, an area that covers 45 percent of the province and that extends from Lake Simcoe in the south to the Albany River in the north. Additionally, this conservation reserve will be managed under the Public Lands Act (R.S.O. 1990, c.P.43), and will comply with all legal requirements as specified under the Environmental Assessment Act (R.S.O. 1990, c.E.18).

Mozhabong Lake Conservation Reserve encompasses Mozhabong Lake and Mozhabong River, which supports a self-sustaining lake trout population. The islands, peninsulas and wetlands of the conservation reserve provide important aquatic feeding areas and winter habitat for moose. The protection of this feature is considered paramount and, as such, any future management decisions that affect these values will require a thorough evaluation to ensure that the values remain protected.

The Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, Sudbury District, and Espanola Area will be responsible for implementing the management policies and guidelines for Mozhabong Lake Conservation Reserve. Their primary role will be to provide public information and compliance monitoring to ensure adherence to current policies and guidelines.

2.0 Goal and objectives of the SCI

2.1 Goal

The goal of this SCI is to provide the framework and the direction to guide management decisions affecting Mozhabong Lake Conservation Reserve.

2.2 Objectives

The following objectives are identified as the means to achieve the above stated goal:

2.2.1 Short term objectives

• To describe the site’s current state of the resource in terms of its values and existing uses and activities
• To outline the Ministry of Natural Resources' management intent for the protected area
• To determine the land use compatibility of current land uses, and to develop specific guidelines and prescriptions to manage these uses
• To provide direction for the evaluation of proposed new uses or economic ventures through the Environmental Assessment Act (e.g., the Class Environmental Assessment (EA) for Provincial Parks and Conservation Reserves)

2.2.2 Long term objectives

• To maintain the conservation reserve in a natural state
• To identify research and/or monitoring strategies that may contribute to sound long-term management of the conservation reserve
• To create public awareness of the values within this conservation reserve by providing information on the resources it contains and protects, and to support responsible stewardship through partnerships with local stakeholders

3.0 Management planning

3.1 Provincial context

Ontario’s network of protected areas has been established to conserve representative areas of the province’s natural diversity (which includes species, habitats, landforms, and ecological systems). Protected natural heritage areas are a key component in the sustainable management of natural resources, ensuring that representative sites within the larger managed landscape are retained in as natural a state as possible.

On July 16, 1999, the Ontario’s Living Legacy Land Use Strategy (LUS) (OMNR 1999) was released to guide the planning and management of much of Ontario’s Crown lands. Extensive consultation was conducted during the development of the LUS. The objectives of the LUS were to complete Ontario’s system of parks and protected areas; recognize the land use needs of the resource-based tourism industry; provide forestry, mining and other resource industries with greater certainty around land and resource use; and, enhance hunting, angling and other Crown land recreational opportunities.

These areas are considered to have significant features and values or are representative of major landforms and vegetation types. As such, they require protection from incompatible activities in order for their values to endure over time. The Mozhabong Lake Conservation Reserve was created during this expansion and now forms part of Ontario’s network of natural heritage areas. Mozhabong Lake Conservation Reserve encompasses Mozhabong Lake and Mozhabong River, which supports a self-sustaining lake trout population. The islands, peninsulas and wetlands of the conservation reserve provide important aquatic feeding areas and winter habitat for moose.

The Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources has established conservation reserves as a tool to protect natural heritage values on Crown lands, while permitting most traditional Crown land uses to continue. These uses include recreational activities, such as hunting and fishing. Lands designated as conservation reserves in the LUS (OMNR 1999) are removed from the Sustainable Forest License area and mining and surface rights are withdrawn from staking under the Mining Act (RSO 1990 Chapter M.14).

The Crown Land Use Policy Atlas (CLUPA), available on the internet at /page/crown-land-use-policy-atlas, is a consolidation of existing Crown land use policies and is now the official source for guidance on the management of Crown land and protected areas (OMNR 2004).

3.2 Planning for a Conservation Reserve

The planning process for a conservation reserve consists of regulating the site and preparing a site-specific management plan. Consultation with the public, aboriginal communities and industry occur during site identification, boundary finalization, and management planning. Regulation of a conservation reserve involves the preparation of a legal description of site boundaries, the removal of the site from the Sustainable Forest Licence area, and the withdrawal of the site from staking under the Mining Act (RSO 1990 Chapter M.14). Once a conservation reserve is regulated, the level of management planning required to fulfill the protection targets is determined, and a basic Statement of Conservation Interest (SCI), enhanced SCI or a Resource Management Plan (RMP) is prepared.

A basic SCI is prepared when there is no deviation from the land use direction provided in the LUS (OMNR 1999) and there are few to no issues that require resolution. Alternatively, a RMP is prepared in situations where one or more complex issues have to be addressed, and/or where there is widespread public interest in a site. An enhanced SCI is an intermediary document which is used when a site requires more detailed management direction than would be provided by a basic SCI, but does not have issues significant enough to warrant the preparation of a RMP. Whichever the determination, the plan must be completed within three years of the conservation reserve’s regulation date. The guidelines for the preparation of these documents are provided in Procedural Guidelines A – Resource Management Planning (OMNR 1997) and the Northeastern Region Guidelines on the Planning Process for Conservation Reserves: Statement of Conservation Interest and Resource Management Plan (Thompson 2001).

A SCI is a management plan guided by the policy direction contained in the CLUPA (see Appendix C). The purpose of a SCI is to identify the state of the resource in terms of the site’s values and its current land use activities, and to outline the Ministry of Natural Resources' management intent for the conservation reserve. Basic SCI's typically have a 30-day public consultation period, whereas enhanced SCI's and RMP's have a longer consultation period. Upon completion of this public review, the SCI or RMP is revised as necessary and approved by the Regional Director, MNR Northeast Region.

Existing permitted uses within conservation reserves may continue, unless they are shown to have a significant negative impact on the values protected by the site. A review/evaluation mechanism is in place to address new permitted uses or land use proposals. The Class Environmental Assessment for Provincial Parks and Conservation Reserves (OMNR 2003) will be used to screen most project proposals and management activities occurring within the conservation reserve.

Where cultural resources may be impacted, proposals may be screened through Conserving a Future for our Past: Archaeology, Land Use Planning & Development in Ontario, Section 3 (MCzCR 1997).

Public comment may be solicited during a review of any future land use proposals that require new decisions to be made. Appropriate Environmental Assessment Act (R.S.O. 1990, c.E.18) requirements and amendment processes (e.g. Environmental Bill of Rights posting, CLUPA amendment) will apply to any future proposal and/or any significant change in management direction being considered for a site.

3.3 Planning process for Mozhabong Lake Conservation Reserve

3.3.1 Boundary refinement and regulation

The Mozhabong Lake Conservation Reserve was proposed as a conservation reserve in the LUS (OMNR 1999). A letter, fact sheet and proposed boundary map were mailed to stakeholders and to interested members of the public during the boundary consultation process. Consultation occurred with the general public, aboriginal communities, and industry, and the boundary of the site was regulated through an amendment to Ontario Regulation 805/94 of the Public Lands Act on October 5, 2001, by Ontario Regulation 384/01. The official Ontario Gazette amendment is available on the internet at /search/ontario-gazette in volume 134, issue 42 on October 20, 2001.

3.3.2 Planning area

The planning area for this SCI consists of the regulated boundary for Mozhabong Lake Conservation Reserve (see Figure 1). However, to fully protect values within the conservation reserve, the area beyond the regulated boundary may require additional consideration through landowner outreach programs when adjacent land uses pose potential negative impacts on the conservation reserve. Crown land areas beyond the regulated boundary may also require additional consideration when larger land use planning initiatives, such as forest management planning, pose potential negative impacts on the site.

3.3.3 Consultation and significant land use issues

To date, no significant issues related to land use in this area have been identified. For this reason, it was determined that a basic SCI will adequately identify the site’s significant features and serve as the appropriate format for providing management direction. It should be noted that this document addresses only those issues or land use proposals currently known to the Ministry of Natural Resources, Sudbury District. The direction provided by this SCI, and future management decisions, will work to resolve any potential land use conflicts and ensure that identified values continue to be adequately protected.

This SCI has been created with input from program specialists at the area, district, regional and provincial levels of the Ministry of Natural Resources. Public, aboriginal communities and industry were also provided an opportunity to comment on a draft of this SCI. A public consultation period took place November 12^th 2004 to December 13^th 2004. Notification of this review period occurred via an information package mailed to affected stakeholders and an advertisement that appeared in local newspapers. Comments received during this period were considered in the refinement of this document.

4.0 Background information

4.1 Location and site description

Mozhabong Lake Conservation Reserve is located approximately 90 km north of Webbwood. The site encompasses a 120 meter shoreline reserve of Mozhabong Lake and Mozhabong River (see Figure 1). This site is situated entirely within Jasper, Alton, Del Villano, Beebe and Hotte Townships and is 4,354 hectares in size. The site is located between Sinaminda Lake Enhanced Management Area and Mozhabong Lake Access Enhanced Management Area. Figure 1 illustrates the general location of Mozhabong Lake Conservation Reserve.

Figure 1: Site location for Mozhabong Lake Conservation Reserve.

Enlarge Figure 1: Site location for Mozhabong Lake Conservation Reserve.

Whenever possible, recognizable natural and cultural features, such as creeks, shorelines or old roads have been used to delineate conservation reserve boundaries to facilitate on-the-ground identification (see Figure 1). The boundary of the conservation reserve is a 120 metre wide area from the shoreline of Mozhabong Lake and also incorporates Mozhabong River.

Mozhabong Lake Conservation Reserve is a fairly remote site. Due to the Cee Creek washout in fall-winter of 2003, access to the conservation reserve is limited to a seasonal, rough tertiary road (see Figure 1). Canoe or private floatplanes are also methods of entering the conservation reserve.

Figure 2: Aerial view of the wetlands and typical forest cover along Mozhabong Lake.
(Photo taken by John Thompson, OMNR; Sept.3/ 2002)

Mozhabong Lake Conservation Reserve is located within Sudbury Ecodistrict ^{footnote 1[1]} 4E-3 (Hills 1959), an ecological unit within the Mississagi ecodistrict. The conservation reserve protects a healthy, self-sustaining lake trout population. The 120 meter wide area along the shoreline is a mix of Boreal and Great Lakes-St. Lawrence forest communities. Mixedwoods containing red pine (Pinus resinosa), white pine (Pinus strobus), jack pine (Pinus banksiana), yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis), poplar (Populus species) and several maples (Acer species) are common throughout the buffer. Figure 2 illustrates the general setting within and surrounding the conservation reserve Life science and earth science values within the site are further described in subsection 5.2- Natural Heritage Values.

4.2 Site history

Much of the area surrounding Sudbury (including the area of Mozhabong Lake Conservation Reserve) has been influenced by logging. Mozhabong Lake was used in the early 1900's as a reservoir for log driving. The Kalamazoo Vegetable Parchment Company (KVP) logging company used the lake as part of its log driving operation along the Spanish River from 1945 to 1967 when the practice was banned in north eastern Ontario. The area was logged extensively for red and white pine. Jack pine and spruce (Picea species) were also logged in the area.

Grey Owl (Archie Belaney) one of Canada’s better known conservationists spent a few years in the early 1920's on Mozhabong Lake (Kraus pers. comm.).

4.3 Socio-economic interest

Forestry, trapping and resource-based tourism have been essential to the historical development of the area.

There are active traplines, baitfish harvesting operations and active Bear Management Areas (BMA's) within the site; as well, hunting and angling are activities in the general area which are part of the local economy.

Mozhabong Lake supports a self-sustaining lake trout population and there are a number of recreation camps are located on Mozhabong Lake.

Mozhabong Lake may contribute to ecotourism in the future as the lake is situated on a recognized canoe route, which connects Mississagi River Provincial Park with the Spanish River Signature Site.

There are two tracts of patented land found within the conservation reserve.

The conservation reserve lies within the Robinson-Huron Treaty Area #9. Protection of this area ensures that activities traditionally carried out by First Nation communities in this Treaty Area will be able to continue.

4.4 Inventories

Table 2 indicates the current status of natural heritage inventories that have occurred for Mozhabong Lake Conservation Reserve. Recommendations for future inventory needs are located in Table 3, subsection 7.2- Future Needs and Considerations.

Table 2: Inventory and survey information for Mozhabong Lake Conservation Reserve.

5.0 State of the resource

Descriptions in this section are not necessarily complete. If new values key or otherwise are identified, they will be added to this document as an amendment. If any new value is considered significant, management guidelines may be modified, if required, to ensure its protection.

5.1 Key values

Key values are values that make this site unique and have led to its designation as a conservation reserve. Their protection is paramount. The key values of the Mozhabong Lake Conservation Reserve include the following:

• Mozhabong Lake and Mozhabong River, which support a self-sustaining lake trout population
• Islands, peninsulas and wetlands, which provide important aquatic feeding areas, potential calving sites and winter habitat for moose
• Mozhabong Lake is on a recognized canoe route, which connects Mississagi River Provincial Park with the Spanish River Signature Site

Additional values, listed in subsection 5.2- Natural Heritage Values, are also important features and activities identified within the site.

5.2 Natural heritage values

5.2.1 Earth science values

5.2.1a Regional landforms

Mozhabong Lake Conservation Reserve is found within Ecodistrict 4E-3 of Ecoregion 4E (Mississagi) (Hills 1959; Crins & Uhlig 2000). The Mississagi ecodistrict consists of a gently rolling plain of stony sandy till over bedrock with frequent flats and ridges of lacustrine sand associated with several former larger glacial lakes (Lakes Sultan and Ostrom) that fronted a number of terminal moraines. Exposed areas of the lacustrine sand plains exhibit warmer ecoclimates and support sugar maple and yellow birch on warmer slopes and jack pine coniferous forest on dry areas. Peatlands, such as open treed bog and black spruce swamps, have developed in the cooler conditions of depressional flats on these plains.

5.2.1b Surficial geology

Rik Kristjansson (2003), MNR provincial geospecialist, verified the conservation reserve is situated entirely on weakly broken ground moraine. The site is dominated by rock knob outcrops with ground moraine consisting of organic deposits and till as minor landforms. Shallow till overburden exists on hills but there are extensive areas of exposed bedrock throughout the landscape. High local relief with some cliffed and rugged areas comprise a large portion of the landscape (Burkhardt et. al. 2003).

Sand and gravel soils originating from glaciofluvial and fluvial deposits contribute to central and southern pine sites while peat soils and hummo-ferric podzols typify the conservation reserves slopes and depressions (Burkhardt et. al. 2003).

5.2.1c Bedrock geology

Bedrock exposure dominates the site with a thin layer of till deposit overlaying some areas (Burkhardt et. al. 2003).

5.2.2 Life science values

5.2.2a Regional Ecology

Mozhabong Lake Conservation Reserve is found within Mississagi Ecodistrict 4E-3 of Ecoregion 4E (Lake Timagami) (Hills 1959; Crins & Uhlig 2000). Vegetation in this region typically consists of sugar maple (Acer saccharum) and yellow birch on warmer slopes and jack pine dominated coniferous forest on the dry areas. Open treed bog and black spruce (Picea mariana) swamps developed in the cooler depressional flats. Red pine is found on exposed, shallow ridges, white pine on deep, retentive sites and jack pine on sites where fire has influenced the landscape. Valleys and sheltered elevations produce local areas of hard maple, yellow birch and red maple (Acer rubrum). Forest climate for this area is mid-humid, warm-boreal. The area is also located in the northern part of Timagami L.9 section of the Great Lakes – St. Lawrence Forest. Forest cover has developed as a result of past fire influence with an abundance of boreal species; red pine, white pine, white spruce (Picea glauca), jack pine, balsam fir (Abies balsamifera) and white birch (Betula papyrifera).

5.2.2b Vegetation and forest communities

There are numerous forest communities within the conservation reserve which exceed 100 hectares even though Mozhabong Lake comprises more than 50% of the reserve. These include; white birch mixedwood, black spruce mixedwood, black spruce dominant conifer, poplar mixedwood, jack pine dominant conifer and jack pine mixed wood (see Map 3, Appendix A). These forest communities are largely unfragmented due to their occurrence on peninsulas and islands located within site boundaries (Burkhardt et. al. 2003).

Under definitions developed by Bridge et. al. (2000), there are candidate old growth stands within the conservation reserve which have been identified. Candidates are older than 120 years in the central and southern portion of the reserve. Species include white birch, jack pine, poplar, black spruce, cedar, red pine and white pine. The majority of the conservation reserve has an age distribution between 50 and 120 years.

The forest communities are stocked ^{footnote 2[2]} to a level of 60% or greater, although the north central portion of the site has a large area where stocking falls between 40 and 60% with scattered pockets which fall below 40% (Burkhardt et. al. 2003).

5.2.2c Fish and wildlife

Mozhabong Lake supports a self-sustaining lake trout population. Other fish species found within Mozhabong Lake include lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) northern pike (Esox lucius), burbot (Lota lota), yellow perch (Perca flavescens) and common sucker (Catostomus species).

A moose wintering area and five aquatic feeding areas have been identified within the conservation reserve. The islands, peninsulas and wetlands of the conservation reserve provide important aquatic feeding areas and potential calving sites and winter habitat for moose.

Nesting sites for osprey, bald eagle and great blue heron are also found within the conservation reserve.

Terrestrial wildlife found within the Mozhabong Lake area consists of species commonly associated with forest habitat in the Canadian Shield. Species found within the area include: moose (Alces alces) and black bear (Urses americanus). All commercially important furbearers are also present with the exception of wolverine (Gulo gulo).

5.2.2d Wetlands and Watersheds

Wetlands within site boundaries are composed primarily of open water marsh with alder swamps and meadow marshes (sedges/grass) along the backshore in many bays on Mozhabong Lake. In addition, the north end has a significant cattail marsh (Burkhardt et. al. 2003).

The conservation reserve is located in the tertiary watershed 2CE of the Lake Huron major basin (OMNR 2002). The Spanish River basin includes Mozhabong Lake as part of a tributary watershed. The lake is diverse within. Although the average depth of the lake is 12.1 meters, sections extend down to 45 meters along areas with bedrock cliff exposures and up to 1.5 meters in some of the shallower bays. Littoral zones can be found in approximately 30% of the lake. Mozhabong Lake is a classified as a coldwater lake (Burkhardt et. al. 2003). It is also a headwater lake which is spring fed. Mozhabong Lake is unique because it flows north and south.

5.2.2e Species at Risk

No Species at Risk have been identified or documented within the conservation reserve.

5.2.3 Recreational values

Although the conservation reserve is relatively large, there is little accessibility. There is only one public access point, located at the southern end of the lake. Angling is the primary recreational activity associated with Mozhabong Lake. Excellent opportunities for lake trout and northern pike exist. Ice fishing is also common during the winter. Local recreation trails exist for year round use for ATV's, snowmobiles and hikers. Hunting opportunities currently exist for small game and for moose and black bear. Mozhabong Lake is a popular area for camping during the summer months and there are several unmaintained crown land camping sites scattered along the shoreline. Sandy beaches are found scattered all around the lake. Other popular activities include canoeing, kayaking and boating. Mozhabong Lake has many portages (may double as snowmobile trails during the winter) leading to nearby smaller lakes. The potential exists for wildlife viewing.

In addition, Mozhabong Lake is also situated on a recognized canoe route, which connects the Mississagi River Provincial Park with the Spanish River Signature Site. Canoeists can put in at the lake and travel up to Biscotasi Lake and the town of Biscotasing or they can loop through the parks. Tourist outfitters and the public have utilized this route on expeditions.

A number of cottages and recreational camps are situated on Mozhabong Lake, therefore associated recreational uses are thought to occur (e.g. nature appreciation, landscape viewing, swimming, etc…). Policies for the management of the general land use area are focused on preserving the existing mix of recreational uses, while also managing the local fisheries and wildlife (OMNR 1983, OMNR 2004). To view the boundaries and policies for this general use area, please visit the CLUPA at /page/crown-land-use-policy-atlas .

5.2.4 Cultural values

Little is known about the cultural or traditional values of the area contained within this conservation reserve. The conservation reserve is located within the Robinson/Huron Treaty Area #9.

The area contained within the conservation reserve has been traditionally used for resource activities. Intensive forest harvest activities are known to have occurred throughout the area. See section 4.2 – Site History for a more detailed discussion on historical occurrences within the conservation reserve.

5.2.5 Research values

No known research activities have occurred within the boundary of Mozhabong Lake Conservation Reserve.

5.3 Quality of the resource

5.3.1 Site condition

Site condition refers to the amount of disturbance that the site has experienced to date, including both human and non-human or natural disturbances. The level of disturbance ^{footnote 3[3]} in the conservation reserve is considered to be very low, as less than 10% of the area is exposed to disturbance. A microburst hit the south end of the reserve about 3 times causing a severe blowdown (Burkhardt et. al. 2003). Disturbance in the area is mainly human related. Recreational camps, LUP's, and the extensive use of the lake by boaters, fishermen and hunters could potentially lead to waste management problem A water control device is located at the north end of Mozhabong Lake and is the only other man-made structure on the lake. Fluctuations in water level could detrimentally affect potential spawning areas along the shoreline (Burkhardt et. al. 2003).

5.3.2 Diversity

Diversity is a measure of the site’s life and earth science heterogeneity. It is based on the number and range (variety) of the natural landscape features and landforms of earth science values and the richness and evenness of the life science components. Although the size of the conservation reserve is 4354 hectares, the diversity is low. There are fifteen different forest and vegetation communities over the landbase. Rock outcrops have special vegetative features, which may further enhance the diversity of the site. Bays and islands create plentiful edge and shelter situations. Development stages will also add to the diversity. Also, the white pine forms a supercanopy adding to the diversity of the site (Burkhardt et. al. 2003).

Evenness ^{footnote 4[4]} refers to the proportion of each cover type and its measured area within the conservation reserve. Forest communities within the conservation reserve have a relatively even distribution. The top three account for 25.7% of the area and have a good dispersion throughout the area (Burkhardt et. al. 2003).

5.3.3 Ecological considerations

Wherever possible, a site’s boundaries should be created to include the greatest diversity of life and earth science features to provide the maximum ecological integrity. It should be ecologically self-contained, bounded by natural features and include adequate area to buffer the core ecosystems from adjacent land use activities (OMNR 1992). Boundaries for the conservation reserve are considered biological because they provide a 120 meter no harvest area around Mozhabong Lake except at the north end outlet. This area offers protection from possible intrusive pressures. The core area is intact in this conservation reserve (Burkhardt et. al. 2003).

No forest reserves are associated with this site.

6.0 Management guidelines

All management guidelines in this SCI are based on the policy direction contained in the Crown Land Use Policy Atlas (CLUPA). For the most up-to-date version of this policy report, please refer to the CLUPA on the internet at /page/crown-land-use-policy-atlas, or contact your local Ministry of Natural Resources office. A summary table of the management guidelines, outlining permitted uses within the site, is located in Appendix C.

The management guidelines outlined in this section are specific to the Mozhabong Lake Conservation Reserve and are intended to protect the site’s unique values. The guidelines in this document are subject to change and may be amended as necessary. If a conflict between management guidelines exists, the conservation reserve will be managed to protect the integrity of its natural values, while permitting compatible land use activities (OMNR 1997).

Proposed new uses and/or development, including research and education activities, will be reviewed on a case-by-case basis. All new proposals will be subject to evaluation under at least one of the following processes: the Environmental Assessment Act (R.S.O. 1990, c.E.18) or Conserving a Future for our Past: Archaeology, Land Use Planning & Development in Ontario, Section 3 (MCzCR 1997). The Class Environmental Assessment for Provincial Parks and Conservation Reserves (OMNR 2003) will be used to screen most proposals and management activities occurring within the conservation reserve.

6.1 First Nations

Traditional activities and Aboriginal rights, as defined in the Robinson-Huron Treaty #9 and other applicable legislation, will not be affected by the boundaries of this conservation reserve.

Any First Nation land claims within this area will be addressed according to appropriate Ministry of Natural Resources' procedures. When possible, the Ministry of Natural Resources will work with the Ontario Ministry of Culture to identify archaeological and/or cultural sites to be protected.

6.2 Industrial activities

6.2.1 Commercial timber harvest

The area contained within this conservation reserve (4354 ha) has been withdrawn from the Spanish Forest Sustainable Forest License area and no commercial timber harvesting will be permitted. Please refer to subsection 6.5.3- Non-Commercial Consumptive Resource Use for information regarding non-commercial wood harvesting.

6.2.2 Mining and exploration

There are no existing mining claims or leases within the conservation reserve. Mining and surface rights within the conservation reserve’s boundaries have been withdrawn from staking under the Mining Act (RSO 1990 c.M.14). Mineral exploration is not permitted.

6.2.3 Extraction of peat, soil, aggregate and other material

No extraction operations currently occur within the conservation reserve. New activities for the extraction of peat, soil, aggregate and other material are not permitted.

6.2.4 Energy generation

No energy generation facilities exist within the conservation reserve. New hydropower development and windpower generation operations are not permitted.

Note: There is a water control device adjacent to the northern boundary on the Indian River which is operated by INCO.

6.3 Existing and proposed development

6.3.1 Transportation corridors

6.3.1a Roads

Under the Public Lands Act, section 48 (OMNR 2003b), a road is defined as "a travel corridor that is reasonably capable of allowing travel by motor vehicles licensed to operate on a King’s Highway as defined in the Highway Traffic Act (e.g., personal or commercial cars and trucks)."

Minor maintenance (as defined under Policy PL 3.03.04 [OMNR 2003]) of existing roads will be permitted provided that maintenance activities do not negatively impact the values being protected by the conservation reserve. Road maintenance activities may be subject to the Class Environmental Assessment (EA) for Provincial Parks and Conservation Reserves.

There is an access road to a public boat launch at the south end of the lake. A restricted access road crosses the northern portion of the conservation reserve over the Indian River. The road is gated and is not accessible to the general public. New access roads proposed after March 29, 1999 and, for which MNR did not make a commitment, will not be permitted within the conservation reserve.

According to the LUS (OMNR 1999), new roads for resource extraction will not be permitted except for those identified in Forest Management Plans prior to March 31, 1999. No new or existing roads for resource extraction were identified within the conservation reserve prior to this date.

6.3.1b Trails

Under Ontario Regulation 453/96 (OMNR 2003b), a trail is defined as "a path over public lands not used for mineral exploration or extraction." A trail is minor in nature compared to a road, allowing passage of pedestrians, ATVs, snowmobiles or the like (OMNR 2003).

Recreational trails pass through the conservation reserve linking Mozhabong Lake to several nearby lakes.

Minor maintenance (as defined under Policy PL 3.03.04 [OMNR 2003]) of existing trails will be permitted provided that maintenance activities do not negatively impact the values being protected by the conservation reserve. Trail maintenance will be subject to the Class Environmental Assessment (EA) for Provincial Parks and Conservation Reserves.

Any proposed new trails or development of existing trails are subject to the Class Environmental Assessment (EA) for Provincial Parks and Conservation Reserves and applicable Ministry of Natural Resources' policies and procedures. Trail development should take into account the unique characteristics of this site and must be compatible with the site’s key values. All existing and new trail heads and trail routes must be recorded using new technologies (i.e. global positioning systems) to ensure an accurate record of the location of the feature. This location information must be provided to the Ministry of Natural Resources, Sudbury District.

6.3.2 Other corridor development/maintenance

There is no transmission corridor located within the conservation reserve.

New corridor developments will be actively discouraged. Proposals for new corridors will be subject to the Class Environmental Assessment (EA) for Provincial Parks and Conservation Reserves.

6.3.3 Natural heritage appreciation facilities/recreational structures

There is a public boat launch and dock at the south end of the lake.

There are currently no existing authorized natural heritage appreciation facilities or recreational structures (i.e. boardwalks, bird viewing platforms, kiosks, ski shelters, or interpretative signs) located within the conservation reserve. New public natural heritage appreciation facilities and recreation structures are permitted, subject to the Class Environmental Assessment (EA) for Provincial Parks and Conservation Reserves. Facility development should take into account the unique characteristics of this site and must be compatible with the site’s key values.

6.3.4 Land disposition

Sale of land is not permitted, except for some types of minor dispositions (e.g. the sale of small parcels of land to provide adequate area for the installation of a septic system), where it does not detrimentally affect the key values of the site. Such sales will be subject to the Class Environmental Assessment (EA) for Provincial Parks and Conservation Reserves.

Existing leases or LUP's may be renewed or transferred, subject to MNR approval. Private recreation camps may be eligible for enhanced tenure but may not be sold. Permit holders for outpost camps or tourism facilities (e.g., main base lodges) can apply to upgrade tenure from a LUP to a lease.

There are 13 (LUP's) issued within this conservation reserve. New leases or LUP's may be issued for approved public uses (i.e. not for private recreation camps), subject to the Class Environmental Assessment (EA) for Provincial Parks and Conservation Reserves.

Enhanced tenure is defined as anything beyond the term and form of current tenure. All requests for transfer or enhanced tenure will be subject to the following screening criteria:

• Is the transfer or enhanced tenure consistent with the conservation reserve’s land use intent, which is the protection and enhancement of the site’s natural, recreational and cultural values?
• Is it consistent with the land disposition policies outlined in the District Land Use Guidelines, the Crown Land Use Policy Atlas, this SCI and any other applicable document?
• Does it adversely affect the values as identified in Section 5.0, and/or conflict with other uses?
• Does the transfer or enhanced tenure clash with traditional Aboriginal uses, land claims or treaty agreements?
• Are all rents, taxes, fees, rates or charges paid up for the existing LUP or lease?

6.4 Commercial activities

6.4.1 Commercial bait harvesting

Four commercial bait harvesting operations are within the conservation reserve and will be allowed to continue. New operations may be considered subject to the Class Environmental Assessment (EA) for Provincial Parks and Conservation Reserves.

Any proposed new trails for baitfish harvesting purposes are subject to the Class Environmental Assessment (EA) for Provincial Parks and Conservation Reserves. Please refer to subsection 6.3.1 – Trails for further information on the establishment and maintenance of new trails and subsection 6.5.5 – ATV and Snowmobile Use for further information on their usage.

6.4.2 Commercial fishing

There are currently no commercial fisheries operating within the conservation reserve. New operations may be considered subject to the Class Environmental Assessment (EA) for Provincial Parks and Conservation Reserves. Please refer to subsection 6.5.5 – ATV and Snowmobile Use for further information on their usage.

6.4.3 Commercial fur trapping

The conservation reserve lies within three registered traplines, EP-21, EP-14 and EP-02. These registered trapline areas are currently allocated to head trappers. If a head trapper surrenders a registered trapline, or the head trapper’s privileges are revoked, the registered trapline may be transferred to another trapper following established allocation procedures. If the registered trapline is not transferred in due course, or remains unallocated for a significant period of time, reallocation of the trapline may occur following applicable district screening processes.

Any proposed new trails for the purposes of commercial fur trapping are subject to the Class Environmental Assessment (EA) for Provincial Parks and Conservation Reserves. Please refer to subsection 6.3.1 – Trails for further information on the establishment and maintenance of new trails and subsection 6.5.5 – ATV and Snowmobile Use for further information on their usage.

No licensed trap cabins currently exist within Mozhabong Lake Conservation Reserve. The establishment of new trap cabins will not be permitted.

6.4.4 Bear Management Areas

The conservation reserve lies within two Bear Management Areas (BMA's), EP-38-067 and CP-38-023. The policies regarding BMA's (OMNR 2003a) states that the issuance of Licences to Provide Bear Hunting Services will be allowed where areas have been licensed or authorized under agreement for the activity since January 1, 1992.

Any proposed new trails for the purposes of bear hunting are subject to the Class Environmental Assessment (EA) for Provincial Parks and Conservation Reserves. Please refer to subsection 6.3.1 – Trails for further information on the establishment and maintenance of new trails and subsection 6.5.5 – ATV and Snowmobile Use for further information on their usage.

6.4.5 Commercial food collection

There is currently no existing commercial food harvesting venture within the conservation reserve. Any new ventures requiring permits from the Ministry of Natural Resources will be subject to the Class Environmental Assessment (EA) for Provincial Parks and Conservation Reserves.

6.4.6 Commercial non-timber forest products

Currently, there is no explicit policy direction towards the commercial harvesting of non-timber forest products. New ventures may be considered subject to the Class Environmental Assessment (EA) for Provincial Parks and Conservation Reserves. Such ventures should be discouraged within the conservation reserve wherever possible, as they do not necessarily coincide with the intent of protecting the area as a conservation reserve.

6.4.7 Sunken log retrieval

The retrieval of sunken trees will not be permitted within the conservation reserve. Such practices are not consistent with the protection of the waterway nor do they coincide with the management intent for this area.

6.4.8 Outpost camps/main base lodges

There are currently no existing authorized outpost camps or main base lodges within the conservation reserve. New outpost camps and main base lodges may be considered through planning and will be subject to the Class Environmental Assessment (EA) for Provincial Parks and Conservation Reserves. The form of land tenure for these new uses will remain as a land use permit or lease. Sale of Crown land for new outpost camps or mainbase lodges will not be permitted.

6.5 Non-commercial activities

6.5.1 Nature appreciation/low-impact recreation activities

Off-trail hiking, cross-country skiing, snow-shoeing, and other non-motorized activities will be permitted within this conservation reserve. However, should the impact of these activities degrade the landscape, the Ministry of Natural Resources will re-evaluate these permitted uses and decide upon a new strategy for this site. New trails to support these activities may be considered. Please refer to subsection 6.3.1b- Trails for more details related to trail development.

6.5.2 Camping

There are no maintained campsites or campgrounds within this conservation reserve. Crown land camping policies apply, unless significant adverse effects on protected values necessitate further planning and management for this activity. Existing traditional campsites should be used to avoid disturbance of new areas within the conservation reserve.

6.5.3 Non-commercial consumptive resource use

Cutting of trees for non-commercial purposes may be authorized by the local Ministry of Natural Resources, subject to review and determination of the impact that such cutting would have on the values identified in section 5.0- State of the Resource. These permits are intended to cover fuelwood, dock stringers, and other occasional small-scale uses. Such permits are intended only for leaseholders, Land Use Permit holders, cottagers and other property owners within the conservation reserve who do not have road access to their property and who do not have an alternate wood source outside of the conservation reserve. Property owners adjacent to the conservation reserve will not be issued permits for areas within the protected area. No stakeholders eligible for non-commercial consumptive resource use permits currently exist within the Mozhabong Lake Conservation Reserve.

Non-commercial harvesting of non-timber forest products such as berries and mushrooms can occur provided the values of the site, identified in section 5.0- State of the Resource, are not jeopardized.

6.5.4 Hunting and fishing

In conjunction with current hunting regulations (Wildlife Management Unit 38), hunting is permitted to continue within the conservation reserve. Please see subsection 6.5.5- ATV and Snowmobile Use on the direct retrieval of large game and subsection 6.3.1b (Trails) for information on the construction of new trails or the maintenance of existing trails.

Recreational fishing is also permitted to continue in compliance with current fishing regulations.

6.5.5 ATV and snowmobile use

Several local recreational trails are available for use by snowmobiles and ATV's. Please refer to subsection 6.3.1b- Trails for more information on trails. In general, off-trail use of ATVs and snowmobiles is not permitted; however, in some cases, off-trail use is permitted for licensed trappers to access their traplines, for licensed bait harvest operators to conduct bait harvest operations and for use in bear management areas (BMA's). Hunters are also allowed off-trail ATV and snowmobile use for the direct retrieval of large game. In all these cases, any formal intensive off-trail use is discouraged. Should the impact of off-trail ATV and snowmobile use degrade the natural values; the Ministry of Natural Resources will re-evaluate these permitted uses and determine a new strategy.

6.6 Resource management activities

Resource management activities refer to those tools used to protect and enhance the values of this conservation reserve. Some management activities may require the use of intrusive techniques. Under normal circumstances, some of these techniques would not be permitted to occur in the conservation reserve; however, if they are found to be necessary, they may be applied under controlled conditions, to achieve a desired result. Infrastructure such as roads, trails and buildings may need to be constructed to support activities such as prescribed burns, forest regeneration, wildfire control, and insect and disease control. Activities described in this section will be deemed acceptable if the ultimate outcome is in compliance with the management intent for this conservation reserve.

6.6.1 Insect and disease control

This conservation reserve will be maintained in a natural state. Insect and disease control measures should only be considered if the identified values of the conservation reserve or adjacent forest values on Crown land are significantly threatened. If such measures are proposed, they will be subject to the Class Environmental Assessment (EA) for Provincial Parks and Conservation Reserves.

6.6.2 Exotic and/or invasive species

The management intent of the conservation reserve is to maintain the site in a natural state. The deliberate introduction of exotic and/or invasive species will not be permitted. If the key values of the site are threatened, new management strategies to control exotic/invasive species may be considered and will be subject to the Class Environmental Assessment (EA) for Provincial Parks and Conservation Reserves.

6.6.3 Species at Risk management

Any species identified within the conservation reserve that is considered to be either endangered or threatened (as designated by either the national Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada, COSEWIC, or the Committee on the Status of Species at Risk in Ontario, COSSARO) will be given protection under the Fish and Wildlife Conservation Act (1997, R.S.O. 1997, c.41), the Endangered Species Act (R.S.O 1990, c.E15) and/or the federal Species at Risk Act (June 2003). Recovery plans, consisting of both a recovery strategy and a recovery action plan, prepared for nationally endangered and threatened species under the Accord for the Protection of Species at Risk will be implemented within the conservation reserve if deemed necessary by the Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and/or the Government of Canada.

6.6.4 Fish and wildlife management

New fish and wildlife management activities (e.g., fish stocking, habitat enhancement/ rehabilitation, population control) may be considered but will be subject to the Class Environmental Assessment (EA) for Provincial Parks and Conservation Reserves. Existing previously approved fish and wildlife management activities will be permitted to continue but may be subject to the Class Environmental Assessment (EA) for Provincial Parks and Conservation Reserves.

6.6.5 Vegetation management

New vegetation management activities (e.g., the restoration of natural environments) may be considered but will be subject to the Class Environmental Assessment (EA) for Provincial Parks and Conservation Reserves. Such activities may also require the development of a separate vegetation management plan. Specific management prescriptions, as outlined by the new management plan, must be either referenced within this SCI or attached as an amendment to this document.

6.6.6 Fire management

The Ministry of Natural Resources recognizes fire as an essential process fundamental to the ecological integrity of conservation reserves. In accordance with existing conservation reserve policy and the Forest Fire Management Strategy for Ontario, forest fire protection will be carried out as on surrounding lands.

Whenever feasible, the Ministry of Natural Resources' fire program will endeavour to use "light on the land" techniques, which do not unduly disturb the landscape, in this conservation reserve. Examples of light on the land techniques may include limiting the use of heavy equipment or limiting the number of trees felled during fire response efforts.

Opportunities for prescribed burning to achieve ecological or resource management objectives may be considered but will be subject to the Class Environmental Assessment (EA) for Provincial Parks and Conservation Reserves. Such activities may also require the development of a separate vegetation management plan developed in accordance with the Ministry of Natural Resources Prescribed Burn Planning Manual (OMNR 1997b).

6.6.7 Forest renewal

Forest renewal is an activity associated with commercial timber harvest and with vegetation restoration projects involving tree species. Such practices would only be considered if the area within the conservation reserve had been recently cut prior to becoming regulated or following approval of vegetation management activities as outlined in subsection 6.6.5-Vegetation Management.

Forest loss within the conservation reserve due to wind (i.e., blowdown), fire or insect damage will not be considered for forest renewal – such areas will be left to regenerate naturally. Should unauthorized forest harvest occur within the boundaries of the conservation reserve, forest renewal will be considered.

Any possible renewal project will be subject to the Class Environmental Assessment (EA) for Provincial Parks and Conservation Reserves and would be carried out to replicate natural conditions as much as possible.

6.7 Research

Scientific research by qualified individuals or institutions is encouraged, especially if the research contributes to a better understanding of the natural and cultural values protected by this conservation reserve or if it advances the protection, planning and management of these values. The District Planner, Sudbury District should be contacted for information on research and/or monitoring opportunities within this conservation reserve. Proposals to conduct research should be directed to the Espanola Area Supervisor, Sudbury District and will be subject to the Class Environmental Assessment (EA) for Provincial Parks and Conservation Reserves and relevant Ministry of Natural Resources' policies, procedures and conditions, as well as any applicable Environmental Assessment Act (R.S.O. 1990, Chapter E.18) requirements. Any site that is disturbed during research activities is to be rehabilitated as closely as possible to its original condition. Collecting may only be permitted as part of an authorized research project and may be subject to appropriate permits and conditions.

Existing research and monitoring activities currently occurring within the conservation reserve are permitted to continue, but may be subject to the Class Environmental Assessment (EA) for Provincial Parks and Conservation Reserves should detrimental impacts to the values protected by the conservation reserve be detected. No existing research activities have been identified within the Mozhabong Lake Conservation Reserve.

7.0 Recommendations

It is recognized that not all features or uses occurring within the Mozhabong Lake Conservation Reserve have been identified during the current planning process. This section outlines future activities which might be conducted to ensure that features of the site are protected or to better develop our understanding of the natural features protected by this conservation reserve. Table 3 highlights future needs and considerations for Mozhabong Lake Conservation Reserve.

8.0 Implementation, review and revisions

The Espanola Area team will be responsible for implementing the management policies and guidelines for the Mozhabong Lake Conservation Reserve. The primary role of the Espanola Area team will be to perform compliance monitoring and provide public information to ensure adherence to current policies and guidelines.

8.1 Monitoring

Periodic monitoring of human activities and/or their impacts within this conservation reserve will be conducted. The Espanola Area Supervisor and the Sudbury District Enforcement Supervisor will oversee these activities.

Approved inventory, monitoring and/or assessment activities that are compatible with protection objectives are encouraged. Any area that is disturbed during such monitoring activities must be rehabilitated to restore the affected area as closely as possible to its original condition. If at any time human activities are deemed to be negatively impacting any of the protected features, the activities will be reviewed and measures taken to mitigate disturbance.

Table 3: Future needs and considerations for Mozhabong Lake Conservation Reserve.

8.2 Marketing

No active marketing of this conservation reserve is anticipated.

8.3 Review and revisions

The Mozhabong Lake Conservation Reserve SCI will be reviewed every five years by the District Planner, Sudbury District to confirm and update the information in this document. Revisions to this document will be subject to requirements as specified in the Environmental Assessment Act (R.S.O. 1990, Chapter E.18). If changes in management direction are needed at any time, the significance of the changes will be evaluated. Minor amendments to the plan that do not alter the overall protection objectives may be considered and approved by the Area Supervisor without further public consultation. All minor amendments to the SCI will be documented in Appendix D. In assessing major amendments, the need for a more detailed Resource Management Plan (RMP) will first be considered. Where a RMP is not considered necessary or feasible, a major amendment to management direction may be considered with public consultation. Major amendments will be recommended by the District Manager and approved by the Regional Director, and will follow the appropriate guidelines (OMNR 2001b).

9.0 References

Burkhardt B., King L., and Longyear S. 2004. Mozhabong Lake Conservation Reserve (C323) Natural Heritage Area - Life Science Checksheet. Unpublished Information. Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources.

Crins, W.J. and Uhlig, P.W.C. 2000. Ecoregions of Ontario: Modification to Angus Hills' Site Regions and Site Districts – Revisions and Rationale.

Hills, G. A. 1959. A Ready Reference for the Description of the Land of Ontario and its Productivity. Preliminary Report. Ontario Department of Lands and Forests. Maple. Ontario.

Kristjansson, R.J. 2004. Earth Science Inventory Checklist for C323 Mozhabong Lake Conservation Reserve. Unpublished Information. Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources.

Kuisma, E. 2003. Mozhabong Lake Conservation Reserve (C323) Recreational Inventory Checklist. Unpublished Information. Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources.

Ministry of Citizenship, Culture and Recreation. 1997. Conserving a Future for Our Past: Archeology Land Use Planning and Development in Ontario, Section 3.

Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources. 1997a. Conservation Reserves Policy PL 3.03.05.

Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources. 1997b. Prescribed Burn Planning Manual. AFFMB Publication No. 313. Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources.

Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources. 1999. Ontario’s Living Legacy Land Use Strategy. Queen’s Printer for Ontario, Ontario, Canada.

Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources. 2000. Conservation Reserve Policy-As Amended by the Ontario Living Legacy Land Use Strategy. Unpublished document. September 2000.

Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources. 2001a. Forest Information Manual. Queen’s Printer for Ontario: Toronto, Ontario.

Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources. 2001b. Procedures for the Amendment of Ministry of Natural Resources Land Use Direction. Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources.

Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources. 2002. Buildings for Bait Harvesting Management. Public Lands Act, PL 3.03.08.

Ontario Ministry Natural of Resources. 2003a. Direction for Commercial Resource Use Activities in Provincial Parks and Conservation Reserves. June 2003.

Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources. 2003b. A Class Environmental Assessment for Provincial Parks and Conservation Reserves. Queen’s Printer for Ontario, Ontario, Canada. 116pp.

Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources. 2004. Crown Land Use Atlas. [Accessed: September 15, 2004] /page/crown-land-use-policy-atlas.

Rowe, J.S. 1972. Forest regions of Canada. Dept. of Fisheries and the Environment. Canadian Forestry Service. Publication No. 1300. 172pp.

R.S.O. 1990, Chapter E.15. Endangered Species Act. [Accessed: September 1, 2004], http://www.e-laws.gov.on.ca/DBLaws/Statutes/English/90e15_e.htm.

R.S.O. 1990, Chapter E.18. Environmental Assessment Act. [Accessed: September 15, 2003] http://www.e-laws.gov.on.ca/DBLaws/Statutes/English/90e18_e.htm.

R.S.O. 1990, Chapter M.14. Mining Act. [Accessed: September 15, 2003] http://www.e-laws.gov.on.ca/DBLaws/Statutes/English/90m14_e.htm.

R.S.O. 1997, Chapter 41. Fish and Wildlife Conservation Act. [Accessed: September 1, 2004]. http://www.e-laws.gov.on.ca/DBLaws/Statutes/English/90c41_e.htm.

Thompson, J. 2001. Northeast Region Guidelines on the Planning Process for Conservation Reserves: Statements of Conservation Interest and Resource Management Plan. Unpublished Information. Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources.

Thompson, J. and Noordhof, J. 2003. Edit Model for N.E. Region Life Science Checksheets. Internal Report. Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources.

Uhlig, P., A. Harris, G. Craig, C. Bowling, B. Chambers, B. Naylor and G. Beemer. 2001. Old Growth Forest Definitions for Ontario. Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, Queen’s Printer for Ontario, Toronto. ON. 27p.

10.0 Appendices

Appendix A: Mozhabong Lake Conservation Reserve maps

Map 1: Recreational Values of Mozhabong Lake Conservation Reserve

Map 2: Landforms in Mozhabong Lake Conservation Reserve

Enlarge Map 2: Landforms in Mozhabong Lake Conservation Reserve

Map 3: Forest Communities within Mozhabong Lake Conservation Reserve

Enlarge Map 3: Forest Communities within Mozhabong Lake Conservation Reserve

Map 4: Wetlands within Mozhabong Lake Conservation Reserve

Enlarge Map 4: Wetlands within Mozhabong Lake Conservation Reserve

Appendix B: Mozhabong Lake Conservation Reserve photos

Photo 1: Access point and public boat launch at the southern tip of Mozhabong Lake.
Photo by R. Zeran 2004

Photo 2: One of the many beaches found along the shoreline of Mozhabong Lake.
Photo by R. Zeran 2004

Photo 3: Black bear (Ursus americanus) on a rocky outcrop near the waters edge.
Photo by R. Zeran 2004

Photo 4: Large, rocky cliff found on the shore of Mozhabong Lake.
Photo by R. Zeran 2004

Photo 5: Private dock and boats, a common site on Mozhabong Lake.
Photo by R. Zeran 2004

Photo 6: Unmaintained campsite found on Mozhabong Lake.
Photo by R. Zeran 2004

Photo 7: Cee Creek washout of the Mozhabong access road.
Photo by R. Zeran 2004

Photo 8: Road currently in use to access Mozhabong Lake.
Photo by R. Zeran 2004

Photo 9: Moose hunt camp set up on the shore of Mozhabong Lake.
Photo by R. Zeran 2004

Photo 10: Outhouse found at the access point and boat launch of Mozhabong Lake.
Photo by R. Zeran 2004

Photo 11: Small recreational trail leading to the other side of the peninsula on Mozhabong Lake.
Photo by R. Zeran 2004

Appendix C: summary of permitted uses

The following Policy Report was obtained from the Crown Land Use Policy Atlas website during completion of this SCI (fall 2004). Changes may have been made to this policy report since that time. For the most recent version of this policy report, please refer to the Crown Land Use Policy Atlas on the internet at /page/crown-land-use-policy-atlas or contact your local Ministry of Natural Resources office.

Ministry of Natural Resources

Crown Land Use policy Atlas - policy report

C323
Mozhabong Lake
Updated: June 29, 2004

Identification:

ID: C323
Area Name: Mozhabong Lake
Area (ha): 4,354
Designation: Conservation Reserve (Ontario’s Living Legacy)
MNR District(s): Sudbury

Description

This conservation reserve,in Site District 4E-3 is nestled between the large Sinaminda Lake Enhanced Management Area on the east and the smaller Enhanced Management Area, Mozhabong Lake Access Area,to the west. Mozhabong Lake is a self-sustaining trout lake that is part of a tributary watershed within the Spanish River Basin. Fishing, boating and hunting are popular recreational activities. There is a well used access point on the south end of the lake and several recreation camps scattered on its shoreline; however, the area still remains relatively remote.

Mozhabong lake was regulated as a conservation reserve on October 20, 2001.

Land Use intent:

The land use intent will be to protect the natural heritage values of this area.

Conservation reserve boundary consists of a 120 metre wdie area around Mozhabong Lake, as well as theinterior islands and peninsulas.

Management of this area is also governed by the general policies contained in the Land Use Strategy (1999).

Management direction:

Those uses and management activities not listed in the following table are governed by existing conservation reserve policy. Over time the management direction will be elaborated in a Statement of Conservation Interest or Resource Management Plan. Any new uses, and commercial activities associated with conservation reserves, will be considered on a case by case basis,and they must pass a test of compatibility to be acceptable. Compatibility is normally determined through a planning process.

Commercial activities

Land and resource management activities

Science, education and heritage appreciation

Recreation activities and facilities

Note: The policies outlined in this table do not supersede any Aboriginal or treaty rights that may exist, or other legal obligations.

Management of this conservation reserve is carried out within the context of Conservation Reserve policy as amended by the policies for new conservation reserves outlined in the Ontario’s Living Legacy Land Use Strategy.

In addition to provincia land regional policies, the following local policies will apply to the management of the following [Lake Trout/Tourism] lakes…

Source of direction:

Ontario’s living Legacy Land Use Strategy (1999)
Espanola District Land Use Guidelines (1983)
Conservation Reserves Policy (1997)

Appendix D: amendments to the SCI