Renewable energy project approval and permit requirements

1 Introduction

Renewable energy projects (definitions in Appendix A) provide environmental and economic benefits at the local, provincial and global level. They reduce threats to our biodiversity from the impacts of climate change. They also create new opportunities for manufacturing and resource development activities. Finally, renewable energy generation boosts the long-term reliability and adequacy of Ontario’s electricity system by putting in place sustainable sources of energy.

This page outlines the Ministry of Natural Resources’ (hereafter referred to as the MNR) requirements for the application, review and decisions regarding the approval of a renewable energy project where the MNR has a legislative responsibility. The Ministry of the Environment, Conservation and Parks' requirements for the review and approval of renewable energy projects are outlined in the Renewable Energy Approval Regulation under the Environmental Protection Act (hereafter referred to as the Renewable Energy Approval Regulation). Some information requirements are common between the MNR and the Ministry of the Environment, Conservation and Parks, where there are common requirements they are outlined in the Renewable Energy Approval Regulation. This page identifies where information requested through the Renewable Energy Approval Regulation is also required by the MNR for decision making on approvals or permits under MNR - administered statutes. Note that the requirements outlined on this page are scalable dependent upon the complexity and impacts of project proposals.

In addition, a renewable energy project may require approval from other ministries, agencies or levels of government, for example, a conservation authority, municipality or federal agency. It is the responsibility of the applicant to ensure that those other requirements are met.

2 The role of the Ministry of Natural Resources

The MNR’s mandated activities include the management of forests, fisheries, wildlife, petroleum and mineral aggregate resources, Crown lands (also known as public lands) and waters.

2.1 Relevant statutes

The statutes listed in this section or others as applicable, and related regulations and policies, may apply to renewable energy projects on provincial Crown land or elsewhere.

The issuance of any approvals, authorizations, permits or licences under this requirements document does not relieve the applicant from meeting the requirements of other agencies and applicable provincial or federal legislation. Renewable energy projects may also require additional information or approvals under other legislation, both during the application stage and throughout the life of the operation.

MNR statutes most relevant to renewable energy projects:

Ministry of Natural Resources Act

This Act authorizes the minister to, among other things, establish programs to stimulate the development and management of Ontario’s natural resources. The Act establishes that the minister may require that the applicant of a renewable energy project provide to the minister the information or studies considered necessary before issuing a permit or approval under an Act for which the minister is responsible.

Public Lands Act

This Act gives the minister specific powers over the planning, management, use and disposition of provincial public lands in Ontario (referred to as Crown land). It provides for the development of land use plans, issuance of licences, permits, leases, easements and sale and patents for the use of these lands, including most lands under navigable rivers and lakes. Dispositions under the Act must be consistent with Crown land use planning direction.

Far North Act

This Act enables the joint development and approval of Community based Land Use Plans (CBLUP) between Far North First Nation communities and Ontario. A CBLUP identifies areas for protection or sustainable development within a designated planning area in the Far North. The Act requires that the allocation, disposition or use of public land and natural resources within those areas and any related activities, must be consistent with the plan.

Lakes and Rivers Improvement Act

This Act provides for the management, protection, preservation and use of Ontario’s lakes and rivers, the protection of private and public rights, and the protection of persons, property, natural resources and natural amenities. It provides for the issuance of location and plans and specification approval to ensure that dams are suitably located, constructed, operated and maintained with respect to new dams and alterations, repairs or improvements of existing dams.

Fish and Wildlife Conservation Act (FWCA)

This Act provides the MNR with authority to protect and manage wildlife including furbearing mammals, game wildlife, and specially protected wildlife species. Species at risk may be designated as “specially protected” and listed in the appropriate FWCA Schedule (6 to 11). This Act also implements the delegation by the federal government to the provincial minister to issue fishing licences. The licences are established by a regulation under the FWCA, but they are required by the federal Fisheries Act if a person proposes to catch fish by any method.

Crown Forest Sustainability Act

The purpose of this Act is to provide for the sustainability of Crown forests and, in accordance with that objective, to manage Crown forests to meet social, economic and environmental needs of present and future generations.

Forest Fires Prevention Act

This Act provides the basis for preventing forest fires and ensuring public safety. It sets the “fire season” and provides for the issuance of permits, safety standards and measures governing the use of fire in the forests and establishes penalties to deter violators and careless users. It also provides powers to fire officers, allows the MNR to restrict the use of fire when fire danger is extreme, and allows the MNR to implement Emergency Areas to restrict access to areas where public safety may be threatened by wildfires.

Aggregate Resources Act

The purposes of this Act are to:

• provide for the management of the aggregate resources of Ontario
• control and regulate aggregate operations on Crown and private lands
• require the rehabilitation of land from which aggregate has been excavated
• minimize negative effects on the environment in respect of aggregate operations

Oil, Gas and Salt Resources Act

The purpose of this Act is to regulate the exploration, drilling and production of oil and gas, the storage of hydrocarbons in underground formations and salt solution mining in Ontario. It provides for the issuance of licences and permits; industry regulations and technical standards for operations, oil, gas and salt resource conservation and stewardship, and also provides compliance and enforcement powers to ensure the protection of the public and environment from industry activities and works.

Conservation Authorities Act

This Act, administered by the MNR, provides for 2 or more municipalities within a common watershed to enter into partnership with the province to establish a conservation authority for local resource management work. Under the Act, the objectives of an authority are to establish and undertake, in the area over which it has jurisdiction, a program designed to further the conservation, restoration, development and management of natural resources other than gas, oil, coal and minerals. The Minister of Natural Resources has delegated regulatory authority to the boards of conservation authorities to issue permits related to natural hazards in conservation authority regulated areas (Appendix B).

Niagara Escarpment Planning and Development Act

The purpose of this Act is to provide for the maintenance of the Niagara Escarpment and land in its vicinity substantially as a continuous natural environment, and to ensure only such development occurs as is compatible with that natural environment. The Act applies to renewable energy projects and a development permit may be required from the Niagara Escarpment Commission.

Other important legislation

Class Environmental Assessment for Waterpower Projects

The class environmental assessment sets out a planning process for small to medium scale waterpower projects, such as new facilities less than 200 megawatts in capacity and most expansion projects, as per Ontario Regulation 116/01—Electricity Projects, 2001. New facilities 200 megawatts or larger must undergo an individual environmental assessment.

Endangered Species Act, 2007

The purposes of this Act are to identify species at risk based on the best available scientific information, to protect species at risk and their habitats, to promote the recovery of species that are at risk, and to promote stewardship activities to assist in the protection and recovery of species that are at risk. The Act allows for some flexibility in balancing social, economic, and cultural considerations with the protection and recovery of Ontario’s species at risk and their habitats. An assessment of the potential presence of any species or habitat protected under the Endangered Species Act, 2007 is required when undertaking activities that could potentially impact species at risk. This enables the Ministry of the Environment, Conservation and Parks, to authorize or conditionally exempt activities that would otherwise be prohibited by sections 9 (species protection) or 10 (habitat protection) of the Act. Refer to the Ministry of the Environment, Conservation and Parks’ species at risk website for more information and engage the ministry early in the process to support the timely application for authorizations or exemptions under the Endangered Species Act, 2007

Provincial Parks and Conservation Reserves Act

The purpose of this Act is to permanently protect a system of provincial parks and conservation reserves that includes ecosystems that are representative of all of Ontario’s natural regions, protects provincially significant elements of Ontario’s natural and cultural heritage, maintains biodiversity and provides opportunities for compatible, ecologically sustainable recreation. Generation of electricity and associated facilities is generally prohibited in provincial parks and conservation reserves.

Other considerations

In addition to the statutes listed above, the MNR may need to consider cumulative effects of development. Where there are changes or expected changes to the environment resulting from other projects, whether past, current or future, the MNR must consider these effects in relation to the proposed renewable energy testing project or renewable energy project. Where the MNR identifies that cumulative effects may be large, the study area for a project evaluation may be required to reflect this. Where possible, the MNR will raise these concerns with the applicant early in the review process.

3 The approval and permitting requirements document for renewable energy projects

In order for the MNR to review and make decisions on a proposed renewable energy project, the applicant is required to undertake activities and submit information related to relevant permits, licences, authorizations and approvals. These requirements do not apply to:

• projects on federal lands
• a renewable energy generation facility that uses waterpower as its primary source of power

Waterpower projects are typically subject to the Class Environmental Assessment for Waterpower Projects and MNR permits and approvals.

These requirements are based in legislation, regulations, policies, guidelines, and government and ministry strategic directions. These source documents, as amended intermittently, provide additional information and direction to assist in fulfilling requirements (Appendix C).

3.1 Projects subject to these requirements

Based on the definitions in Appendix A, these requirements apply to:

• renewable energy testing facilities, including:
  • testing devices, structures or works
  • related infrastructure
  • the construction, installation, use, operation, changing or retiring of the testing facility

The requirements for a testing project are outlined in Section 6.

• renewable energy generation facilities, including:
  • a facility that generates electricity from a renewable energy source
  • associated or ancillary equipment, systems and technologies (as set out in Ontario Regulation 160/99 (Definitions and Exemptions) under the Electricity Act)
  • the construction, installation, use, operation, changing or retiring of the renewable energy facility

The requirements for a renewable energy project are outlined in Section 7.

Where the applicant intends to undertake an amendment to project plans prior to construction or commissioning the applicant will be required to follow the process outlined in Section 11.2.

An expansion, modification or redevelopment of a commissioned renewable energy project is also subject to this requirements document. The requirements for these undertakings are outlined in Section 11.3.

4 Applicant of Record transition approach

Applicant of Record (AoR) status was an administrative practice under policies and procedures that pre-dated February 10, 2014 and the implementation of the MNR's current Renewable Energy on Crown Land (RECL) policy

AoR status did not provide any right, title, interest or tenure in Crown lands. It provided applicants with the exclusive opportunity to pursue approvals for a renewable energy project on a particular site location on Crown lands.

The MNR is providing a one-time opportunity to transition legacy AoRs to the current RECL policy. The MNR would recognize the applicant’s exclusive opportunity to pursue approvals on the applicant’s former AoR site(s) upon certain conditions being met before and during the Independent Electricity System Operator’s Long-Term 2 (LT2) Energy Stream RFP and/or the Long Lead Time Resource Procurement RFP, as applicable. This transition opportunity is intended solely for legacy AoRs and is not transferrable to a third party.

Some legacy AoRs are not being offered this transition opportunity because the circumstances related to their associated site(s) have changed since AoR statuses were originally granted (i.e., their site is subject to Indigenous land claim process or is located within a conservation reserve). Note that legacy AoRs that have an exclusive opportunity to pursue approvals for a renewable energy project may have that opportunity rescinded if requirements, as communicated in policy or otherwise, are not met. Any questions about this transition approach can be emailed to MNRFrenewableenergysupport@ontario.ca.

5 The complete application process overview

5.1 Prior to commencing work on an application

Before commencing the application process the applicant shall ensure that any necessary background information collection work is completed for projects proposed on Crown land.

It is the applicant’s responsibility to ensure that values and interests that may be impacted by the proposed project are identified and addressed through the application process before the MNR decides on granting approvals for the project.

5.2 Preparing an application

Some requirements are common between the MNR and the Ministry of the Environment, Conservation and Parks. These requirements are outlined in the Renewable Energy Approval Regulation. In some instances information requested through the Renewable Energy Approval Regulation is also required by the MNR for decision making on approvals or permits under MNR-administered statutes.

The MNR has land use plans, community based land use plans (Far North only), policies, procedures, guidelines, best practices and other sources of relevant information that may direct or assist the applicant on how requirements must or should be fulfilled. These are provided in Appendix C, and where appropriate, are specifically referenced in the relevant sections.

Applicants are encouraged to engage frequently with the MNR throughout the process to ensure that there are no delays in assessing and determining the completeness of an application based on the information submitted by the applicant to fulfil requirements. In addition, to support greater coordination applicants are encouraged to seek input from all relevant regulatory bodies, including other ministries, conservation authorities, municipalities or federal agencies early in the process to identify any requirements they may have.

5.3 Application submission, ministry and agency review and Environmental Registry posting

Once the applicant has completed all necessary requirements they may submit an application to the ministry for review.

Where it is determined that an application does not address the requirements, the ministry will deem it incomplete and will notify the applicant and identify the requirements that will need to be addressed.

Where it is determined that an application addresses all requirements, it will be deemed complete. Once deemed complete, the MNR will post information notices about the proposed renewable energy project on the Environmental Registry of Ontario for public review and comment, as set out in the Environmental Bill of Rights, 1993.

5.4 Ministry and agency review and issuance of approvals

Following the Environmental Registry posting period, the MNR will review the application and any comments received through the Registry posting and make a decision on the issuance of all applicable permits, licences, and authorizations with any associated conditions. 

The review of the application and the issuance of most approvals and permits will be completed within the established service standards. Applicants should note that while a decision to grant a disposition and occupational authority for a proposal on Crown land is part of project approval, the related legal occupational authority documents may be issued after the established service standard.

Decisions made by the MNR on some types of approvals may be appealed by the applicant or the applicant may initiate an inquiry (refer to Section 10).

For successful applicants once the appeal or inquiry period has passed or any appeal or inquiry has been resolved, the applicant may apply for any necessary building permits or once interim occupational authority is granted, may begin construction in advance of receiving final occupational authority documents.

5.5. Post-construction compliance with conditions of MNR’s approvals

Inspections by MNR staff to assess compliance with conditions contained within ministry instruments are a normal and on-going function. Applicants of renewable energy projects, who receive approvals under the MNR’s existing legislation which provide inspection authority, should expect these post-construction inspections to occur.

5.6 Disposition of Crown land

The MNR authorizes the use or occupation of Crown land for a renewable energy project through a variety of instruments issued under the Public Lands Act for a fixed term. The decision as to whether to authorize the use or occupation of Crown land is part of the application process. However, the related issuance of legal documents may occur after the established service standards. The MNR may grant interim authority to authorise the construction of works before commissioning the project and issuing occupational authority documents. Before issuance of final occupational authority documents, the applicant must arrange and pay for a Crown Land Plan (survey) and the subsequent plan registration, subject to instructions issued by the MNR.

Typically, renewable energy testing projects do not involve long-term occupational authority. Access to Crown land and authorization to carry out testing are normally granted through a:

• Land Use Permit
• work permit for roads and trail construction, including water crossings

For renewable energy projects the use/occupation of Crown land is authorised by 1 or a combination of documents including, but not limited to a:

• work permit for roads and trail construction, including water crossings
• Crown Lease
• Land Use Permit
• easement
• Licence of Occupation

Most instruments contain terms and conditions that bind the project applicant and the Crown, including the requirement to pay annual fees and provide for periodic review of the fees and rents. Sales or Crown patents are generally not considered for renewable energy projects on Crown land. 

6 Requirements for renewable energy testing projects proposed on Crown land

Renewable energy testing projects (as defined in Appendix A) proposed on Crown land will fall into 1 of 2 categories. Testing projects where:

• no construction is required to gain access to the testing project location
• construction of a new or modifications to an existing transportation system to facilitate site access (such as a road or trail system) is required

While testing equipment and associated structures typically are expected to have minimal environmental effects, projects that do involve the construction of a new transportation system or a modification to an existing transportation system have additional information requirements due to the potentially greater effects to the natural environment associated with access.

6.1 Testing projects on Crown land where no construction of a transportation system is required

The applicant of a proposed renewable energy testing project (including testing for a waterpower project) on Crown land that do not require the construction of a new transportation system or modification to an existing transportation system is required to provide the following:

• consultation report
• testing project description
• consideration of protected properties, archaeological and cultural heritage resources
• site plan
• decommissioning plan

Note: other approvals from other ministries, agencies or levels of government may apply.

6.1.1 Consultation report

Documentation requirements are those described in Section 6.2.1.

6.1.1.1 Consultation with the public, municipalities and local authorities

Applicants of proposed renewable energy testing projects that don’t involve the construction of transportation systems may be required to undertake public consultation where the MNR deems it necessary. The scope of any necessary public consultation will be determined through discussions with the MNR, but will not exceed the public consultation requirements outlined in Section 6.2.1.1.

6.1.1.2 Consultation with Aboriginal communities

Requirements are those described in Section 6.2.1.2.

6.1.2 Testing project description

A testing project description must include a description of the:

• renewable energy testing project, including devices or structures to be used and all related infrastructure
• proposed existing access to be used for the project
• installation, duration and operation of the devices or structures and all related infrastructure, including the proposed:
  • method of installation
  • timing of installation
  • duration of operation
  • operation of the device

6.1.3 Consideration of protected properties, archaeological and cultural heritage resources

Requirements are those described in Section 6.2.4.

6.1.4 Site plan

Showing the location of the renewable energy testing project, related infrastructure and proposed existing access to the testing project location to be used, in relation to known natural features.

6.1.5 Decommissioning plan

A decommissioning plan is required to ensure that the project location is restored to a clean and safe condition as determined by the MNR on a project basis. This includes the retiring, abandoning, dismantling or removing from active service, working order, or operation all components of the renewable energy testing project.

6.2 Renewable energy predevelopment projects on Crown land where construction or modification of a transportation system is required

The applicant of a proposed renewable energy testing project (including testing for a waterpower project) on Crown land that requires the construction of a new transportation system or modification to an existing transportation system is required to complete the following:

• consultation report
• testing project description report
• natural heritage and water body assessment report
• consideration of protected properties, archaeological and heritage resources
• design and operations report
• construction plan report
• decommissioning plan report
• Crown land interests report

6.2.1 Consultation report

The following documentation of consultation conducted must be included in the applicant’s testing project application:

• a summary of communication with any members of the public, Aboriginal communities, municipalities, local roads boards and Local Services Boards regarding the testing project
• evidence that the information required to be distributed to Aboriginal communities under section 6.2.1.2 of this document was distributed
• any information provided by an Aboriginal community in response to a request made under paragraph 4 of section 6.2.1.2 of this document
• a description of whether and how:
  • comments from members of the public, Aboriginal communities, municipalities, local roads boards and Local Services Boards were considered by the applicant
  • the testing project or project documentation was altered in response to these comments

6.2.1.1 Consultation with the public, municipalities and local authorities

The applicant of a proposed renewable energy testing project may be required to undertake consultation with the public, other resource users on public land, municipalities and local authorities where the MNR deems it necessary. The scope of any necessary consultation will be determined through discussions with the MNR, but consultation requirements will not exceed the following. The applicant must:

• prepare a notice of the proposal to engage in the testing project, including:
  • the name of the applicant
  • a brief description of the testing project including the design details and its potential local impact and benefits
  • a map showing the testing project location
  • the applicant’s name and contact information
  • the location and time of at least 1 public meeting to be held for the purpose of conducting consultations in respect of the project (if the details are not known at the time of the notice, a second notice may be issued with the location and time of the public meeting)
  • the location where the public may access any studies and project documentation (the project studies and documentation must be made available for a 30-day period immediately prior to the date of the public meeting; if these details are not known at the time of the notice, they may be included in a second notice)
• publish the notice in the following ways:
  • on at least 2 separate days in a newspaper with general circulation in each local municipality in which the project location is situated
  • if the project location is in unorganized territory, the notice must be published on 2 separate days in a newspaper with general circulation within 25 kilometres of the project location, or if no newspaper exists, the notice must be posted in at least 6 conspicuous locations within 25 kilometres of the project location
  • if the applicant has a website, the notice must be posted on the website.
• a copy of the notice must be given to:
  • every assessed land owner within 120 metres of the project location
  • the clerk of each local municipality and upper-tier municipality in which the project location is situated
  • the secretary-treasurer of each local roads board of a local roads area in which the project location is situated
  • the secretary of each Local Services Board of a board area in which the project location is situated
  • the secretary-treasurer of a planning board that has jurisdiction in an area in which the project location is situated
  • the chair of the Niagara Escarpment Commission, if the project location is in the area of the Niagara Escarpment Plan
  • the MNR district manager in each district in which the project location is situated
• hold a minimum of 1 public meeting prior to submitting the testing project application for ministry review

6.2.1.2 Consultation with Aboriginal communities

Procedural aspects of consultation carried out by the applicant and all documentation of the consultation will support procedural aspects of the Crown’s legal duty to consult and will be assessed by the Crown to ensure that obligations in relation to consultation and, if appropriate, accommodation have been adequately fulfilled.

Before drafts of documents are made available or distributed to the public as per the consultation requirements under section 6.2.1 of this document the applicant shall distribute the following to each Aboriginal community identified by the MNR that:

• has or may have constitutionally protected Aboriginal or treaty rights that may be adversely impacted by the project
• otherwise may be interested in any negative environmental effects of the project

Information shared to each Aboriginal community should include:

1. a draft of the project description report prepared in accordance with section 6.2.2 of this document
2. any information the applicant has regarding any adverse impacts that the project may have on constitutionally protected Aboriginal or treaty rights that the community may have identified as being adversely impacted by the project
3. a summary of all documents prepared as part of the testing project application, except for the consultation report
4. a written request that the Aboriginal community provide in writing any information available to the community that, in its opinion, should be considered in preparing a document summarized under paragraph 3, and in particular, any information the community may have about any adverse impacts that the project may have on constitutionally protected Aboriginal or treaty rights and any measures for mitigating those adverse impacts

The applicant shall communicate with each Aboriginal community regarding:

• any information the applicant has regarding any adverse impacts that the project may have on any constitutionally protected Aboriginal or treaty rights that the community has identified as being adversely impacted by the renewable energy project
• measures for mitigating any adverse impacts referred to in paragraph 1, including any measures identified by the community

6.2.2 Testing project description report

A testing project description report must include a description of the:

• renewable energy testing project, including devices or structures to be used and all related infrastructure
• the activities that will be engaged in as part of the renewable energy testing facility
• a well marked, legible and reproducible map showing the project and the land within 300 metres of the project location

6.2.3 Natural heritage and water body assessment

The requirements outlined in this section for a renewable energy testing project with construction of a new or modified transportation system are similar to the requirements outlined in the Renewable Energy Approval Regulation for a renewable energy generation project.

As such, this section sets out prohibitions on renewable energy testing projects in specific areas, subject to mitigation of environmental effects, and a process to determine if natural features or water bodies are present on a project location and whether prohibitions apply. This section also outlines the reports that make up the natural heritage and water body assessment, including the records review report, site investigation report, evaluation report for natural features, Environmental Impact Study report and possibly information for species and habitat listed under the Endangered Species Act, the Fish and Wildlife Conservation Act and other natural resources and features.

6.2.3.1 Prohibitions on Development

No person shall construct a renewable energy testing facility in a:

• provincially significant southern wetland
• provincially significant coastal wetland
• provincial park or a conservation reserve, unless approved by the Ministry of the Environment, Conservation and Parks

No person shall construct a renewable energy testing facility at any of the following locations unless an environmental impact study report demonstrating mitigation measures to ensure no negative environmental effect has been prepared:

• a provincially significant northern wetland or within 120 metres of a provincially significant northern wetland
• within 120 metres of a provincially significant southern wetland
• within 120 metres of a provincially significant coastal wetland
• a provincially significant area of natural and scientific interest (earth science) or within 50 metres of a provincially significant area of natural and scientific interest (earth science)
• a provincially significant area of natural and scientific interest (life science) or within 120 metres of a provincially significant area of natural and scientific interest (life science)
• a significant valleyland or within 120 metres of a significant valleyland
• a significant woodland or within 120 metres of a significant woodland
• a significant wildlife habitat or within 120 metres of a significant wildlife habitat
• within 120 metres of a provincial park
• within 120 metres of a conservation reserve
• within 120 metres of the average annual high water mark of a lake, other than a lake trout lake that is at or above development capacity
• within 300 metres of the average annual high water mark of a lake trout lake that is at or above development capacity
• within 120 metres of the high water mark of a permanent or intermittent stream
• within 120 metres of a seepage area

For the purposes of this section, a natural feature is significant if it is a woodland, a valleyland or a wildlife habitat that:

• the MNR has identified as significant
• is considered to be significant when evaluated using evaluation criteria or procedures established or accepted by the MNR, as amended from time to time, for significant natural features

For the purposes of this section a natural feature is provincially significant if it is a southern wetland, a northern wetland, a coastal wetland, an area of natural and scientific interest (earth science) or an area of natural and scientific interest (life science) that:

• the MNR has identified as significant
• is considered to be provincially significant when evaluated using evaluation criteria or procedures established or accepted by the MNR, as amended from time to time, for provincially significant natural features

6.2.3.2 Records review report

The applicant must prepare a records review report to identify any known natural features or water bodies associated with a testing project. Records maintained by at least the following sources must be identified in the records review report:

• the MNR
• the Crown in right of Canada
• a conservation authority, if the project location is in the area of jurisdiction of the conservation authority
• the Niagara Escarpment Commission if the project location is in the Niagara Escarpment Plan
• Ministry of the Environment, Conservation and Parks if the project is located in species at risk habitat

6.2.3.3 Site investigation report

In addition to the records review report the applicant must undertake a physical investigation of the project location to identify and provide information about the following natural features and resources:

• wetlands
• coastal wetlands
• wildlife habitat
• woodlands
• valleylands
• areas of natural and scientific interest (earth and life)
• fish and fish habitat (if the testing project will affect watercourses, Appendix D)
• water bodies
• rare vegetation communities as defined by the MNR’s Natural Heritage Information Centre
• wildlife and their habitat including the nests and eggs of birds, beaver dams, and the dens of black bears and some furbearing mammals
• mineral aggregate resources
• petroleum resources, wells, and works
• Crown forest resources
• hazard lands

The site investigation report must set out the following:

• a summary of any corrections to the records review report and the determinations made as a result of conducting the site investigation including any corrections to the boundaries of or new natural features or water bodies identified through the site investigation
• information relating to each natural feature identified in the records review and in the site investigation, including the type, attributes, composition and function of the feature
• a map showing the:
  • boundaries of the natural features or water bodies
  • location and type of each natural feature and water body identified in relation to the site
  • distance between the testing project location and the natural feature or water body
• the dates and times of the beginning and completion of the site investigation
• the duration of the site investigation
• the weather conditions during the site investigation
• a summary of methods used to make observations for the purposes of the site investigation
• the name and qualifications of any person conducting the site investigation
• field notes kept by the person conducting the site investigation

6.2.3.4 Evaluation report for natural features

Where the applicant proposes a renewable energy testing facility in an area that may be subject to a prohibition described in section 6.2.3.1, identified during:

• the records review
• the site investigation
• consultations under section 6.2.1.2

the applicant shall prepare a report that includes:

1. a determination of whether the natural feature is provincially significant, significant, not significant or not provincially significant
2. a summary of the evaluation criteria or procedures used to make the determinations mentioned in paragraph 1
3. the name and qualifications of any person who applied the evaluation criteria or procedures mentioned in paragraph 2
4. the dates of the beginning and completion of the evaluation

6.2.3.5 Environmental Impact Study report

Where a testing project is planned in an area that is subject to a prohibition described in section 6.2.3.1, an environmental impact study report must be prepared to ensure no negative environmental effect to the significant natural feature or water body.

The environmental impacts study report must be prepared in accordance with any procedures established by the MNR, as amended from time to time, and will:

• identify and assess any negative environmental effects of the project on a natural feature, provincial park or conservation reserve, or water body
• identify mitigation measures in respect of any negative environmental effects
• identify environmental effects monitoring requirements to be included in the monitoring plan report under section 6.2.5.2
• describes how the construction plan report under section 6.2.6 addresses any negative environmental effects

6.2.3.6 Additional MNR requirements

As described in section 7.3.5.

6.2.4 Consideration of protected properties, archaeological and cultural heritage resources

Applicants of proposed renewable energy testing projects are required to consider whether engaging in the project may have an impact on cultural heritage resources.

These requirements are similar to those outlined in the Renewable Energy Approval Regulation for a renewable energy project. These protections are there to ensure that impacts on cultural heritage resources may be identified, assessed and mitigated, as appropriate.

6.2.4.1 Protected properties

Anyone constructing a renewable energy testing facility shall determine if it is on a property that is subject to a protection under the Ontario Heritage Act. If so, the applicant must request authorization from the appropriate body and submit a copy of that authorization as part of its application to MNR. 

6.2.4.2 Protected properties on an abutting property

Anyone constructing a renewable energy testing facility shall determine whether a property that is subject to a protection under the Ontario Heritage Act abuts the parcel on which the project location is situated.

If there is no impact on the abutting protected property, a written summary of the factors leading to this determination must be included in the application to MNR.

If there may be an impact, the applicant must conduct a heritage assessment consisting of an evaluation of any impact of the renewable energy testing project on the abutting protected property and proposed measures to avoid, eliminate or mitigate the impact, which may include a heritage conservation plan.

The heritage assessment report containing the evaluation of the impact on the abutting protected property must be sent to the Ministry of Citizenship and Multiculturalism for comment. The applicant must include this report and the Ministry of Citizenship and Multiculturalism written comments as part of its application to MNR.

6.2.4.3 Consideration of archaeological and heritage resources

All applicants must consider whether the testing facility may have an impact on an archaeological resource at the project location or a heritage resource at the project location (other than a Protected Property on part of the project location or a Protected Property on an abutting property).

For archaeological resources, if there:

• is no impact, a written summary of the factors leading to this determination must be included in the application to MNR
• may be an impact on an archaeological resource, the applicant must complete the process for an archaeological assessment described in 6.2.4.4

For heritage resources, if there:

• is no impact, a written summary of the factors leading to this determination must be included in the application to MNR
• may be an impact on a heritage resource, the applicant must complete the process for a heritage assessment described in 6.2.4.5

6.2.4.4 Archaeological assessment

Where applicable, a person shall ensure that an archaeological assessment is conducted by a licensed consultant archaeologist. The archaeological assessment report must be sent to the Ministry of Citizenship and Multiculturalism for comment. The applicant must include the archaeological assessment report and The Ministry of Citizenship and Multiculturalism written comments as part of its application to MNR.

Also, if the project location is on property designated as an archaeological site under Regulation 875 of the Revised Regulations of Ontario, 1990 (Archaeological Sites) made under the Ontario Heritage Act, the applicant must include a copy of the permit issued by the Minister of Citizenship and Multiculturalism to excavate or alter the property or to remove an artifact, as the case may be.

6.2.4.5 Heritage assessment

Where applicable, a person shall ensure that a heritage assessment is conducted and includes an evaluation of whether there are any heritage resources at the project location, applying the criteria set out in Ontario Regulation 9/06 (Criteria for Determining Cultural Heritage Value or Interest) made under the Ontario Heritage Act.

If any heritage resources are identified, there must be an evaluation of any impact of the renewable energy project on the heritage resources and proposed measures to avoid, eliminate or mitigate the impact, which may include a heritage conservation plan.

The heritage assessment report must be sent to the Ministry of Citizenship and Multiculturalism for comment. The applicant must include the archaeological assessment report and the Ministry of Citizenship and Multiculturalism written comments as part of its application to MNR.

6.2.5 Design and operations report

6.2.5.1 Site plan

The site plan for the project must include:

• 1 or more maps or diagrams of:
  • the location of the renewable energy testing facility
  • land contours, surface water drainage and any water bodies, natural features, provincial parks, or conservation reserves

6.2.5.2 Environmental effects monitoring plan

Where the applicant is undertaking mitigation measures to address environmental effects, an environmental effects monitoring plan is required that will include the:

• reason for monitoring
• environmental component or mitigation measures being monitored and the scope of the program
• methods and procedures that are to be used for monitoring extent of effects and the effectiveness of mitigation strategies
• timing and duration of monitoring activities including extension of monitoring activities if unanticipated effects occur
• monitoring results reporting provision, including when interim and final reports will be prepared for the MNR; reports should describe monitoring actions that were undertaken, a description of the study and sampling areas, the data that was collected and the results and interpretation of these results
• provision for additional actions that may be required to address an effect, including operational mitigation and any related monitoring

6.2.6 Construction plan report

The construction plan report for a renewable energy testing facility shall include:

• details of any construction or installation activities
• the location and timing of any construction or installation activities for the duration of the construction or installation
• any negative environmental effects that may result from construction or installation activities within a 300 metre radius of the activities
• mitigation measures in respect of any negative environmental effects
• a diagram showing the location(s) of any related temporary infrastructure
• where a water crossing, bridge, culvert and/or causeway is part of the project, a completed Work Permit Application

6.2.7 Decommissioning plan report

For a renewable energy testing project proposed on Crown land, the decommissioning plan is required to ensure that the project location is restored to a clean and safe condition as determined by the MNR on a project basis. This includes the retiring, abandoning, dismantling, or removing from active service, working order or operation all components of the renewable energy testing project, including new or modified transportation systems.

6.2.8 Crown land interests report

As described in section 7.9.

6.2.9 Assessment of the presence of species and habitat protected under the Endangered Species Act, 2007

Refer to the Ministry of the Environment, Conservation and Parks’ species at risk webpage for more information and engage the ministry early in the process to support the timely application for approvals under the Endangered Species Act, 2007

6.2.9 Additional location or project-specific approvals

The applicant may also need to fulfil additional requirements if the testing project:

• requires approval from a federal agency
• will involve the extraction and removal of aggregate material
• will involve the harvesting of Crown-owned forest resources
• is proposed in a provincial park or conservation reserve
• is proposed in natural hazard lands (in an area without a conservation authority)
• is proposed in an area under a Forest Resource License or a Sustainable Forest License
• is within an area of the Far North under the direction of an approved community based land use plan

Note: other approvals from other ministries, agencies or levels of government may apply. 

The requirements for these location or project-specific approvals are described in section 8.

7 Requirements for renewable energy projects

This section identifies requirements for renewable energy projects on Crown land and where MNR permits or approvals are required on private land with respect to a wind, solar, biomass or biogas generation project including associated and ancillary infrastructure constructed solely for the renewable energy generation facility. Some information requirements are common between the MNR and the Ministry of the Environment, Conservation and Parks, these requirements are outlined in the Renewable Energy Approval Regulation.

With respect to projects on public land, approved land use plans under the Public Lands Act (PLA) (found in the Crown Land Use Policy Atlas) and approved Community Based Land Use Plans under the Far North Act may contain relevant direction respecting activities related to the development of renewable energy projects. All activities carried out within a planning area must be consistent with land use direction in the approved land use plan.

Applicants must provide the following as part of the application for the MNR’s review:

• consultation report
• project description report
• natural heritage assessment
• water report
• consideration of protected properties, archaeological and heritage resources
• design and operations report
• construction plan report
• decommissioning plan report
• Crown land interests report

Section 8 outlines additional location and project-specific requirements that may need to be addressed by the applicant.

7.1 Consultation report

7.1.1 Notices of project and meetings

Requirements for notices of projects and meetings are outlined in section 15 of the Renewable Energy Approval Regulation. These requirements apply to proposed renewable energy projects on Crown land and where MNR permits or approvals are required on private land. Information submitted will be reviewed by the MNR and will inform decisions on approvals and permits.

7.1.2 Consultation with public

Public consultation requirements are outlined in section 16 and item 2 of Table 1 of the Renewable Energy Approval Regulation. These requirements apply to proposed renewable energy projects on Crown land and where the MNR permits or approvals are required on private land. Information submitted will be reviewed by the MNR and will inform decisions on approvals and permits.

7.1.3 Consultation with Aboriginal communities

Procedural aspects of consultation carried out by the applicant and all documentation of the consultation will support procedural aspects of the Crown’s legal duty to consult and will be assessed by the Crown to ensure that obligations in relation to consultation and, if appropriate, accommodation have been adequately fulfilled.

Before drafts of documents are made available or distributed to the public as per the consultation requirements under subsection 16(5) of the Renewable Energy Approval Regulation a person who proposes to engage in a renewable energy project shall distribute the following to each Aboriginal community identified by the Government that:

• have or may have constitutionally protected Aboriginal or treaty rights that may be adversely impacted by the project
• otherwise may be interested in any negative environmental effects of the project

Information shared to each Aboriginal community should include: 

1. a draft of the project description report prepared in accordance with section 7.2
2. any information the applicant has regarding any adverse impacts that the project may have on constitutionally protected Aboriginal or treaty rights that the community may have identified as being adversely impacted by the project
3. a summary of all documents prepared as part of the testing project application, except for the consultation report
4. a written request that the Aboriginal community provide in writing any information available to the community that, in its opinion, should be considered in preparing a document summarized under paragraph 3, and in particular, any information the community may have about any adverse impacts that the project may have on constitutionally protected Aboriginal or treaty rights and any measures for mitigating those adverse impacts

The applicant shall communicate with each Aboriginal community regarding:

1. any information the applicant has regarding any adverse impacts that the project may have on any constitutionally protected Aboriginal or treaty rights that the community has identified as being adversely impacted by the renewable energy project
2. measures for mitigating any adverse impacts referred to in paragraph 1, including any measures identified by the community

7.1.4 Consultation with municipalities and local authorities

Consultation with municipalities and local boards requirements are outlined in section 18 and item 2 of Table 1 of the Renewable Energy Approval Regulation. These requirements apply to proposed renewable energy projects on Crown land and where MNR permits or approvals are required on private land. Information submitted will be reviewed by the MNR and will inform decisions on approvals and permits.

7.2 Project description report

The project description report requirements are outlined in item 10 of Table 1 of the Renewable Energy Approval Regulation. These requirements apply to proposed renewable energy projects on Crown land and where MNR permits or approvals are required on private land. Information submitted will be reviewed by the MNR and will inform decisions on approvals and permits.

7.3 Natural heritage assessment

7.3.1 Records review report

The records review report requirements are outlined in section 25 of the Renewable Energy Approval Regulation. These requirements apply to proposed renewable energy projects on Crown land and where MNR permits or approvals are required on private land. Information submitted will be reviewed by the MNR and will inform decisions on approvals and permits.

7.3.2 Site investigation report

The site investigation report requirements are outlined in section 26 of the Renewable Energy Approval Regulation. These requirements apply to proposed renewable energy projects on Crown land and where MNR permits or approvals are required on private land. Information submitted will be reviewed by the MNR and will inform decisions on approvals and permits.

In order to assess whether MNR permits or approvals are needed applicants will also be required to provide information about the following natural features and resources:

• fish and fish habitat (if structures, roads or transmission affect watercourses, Appendix D)
• rare vegetation communities as defined by the MNR’ Natural Heritage Information Centre
• wildlife and their habitat including the nests and eggs of birds, beaver dams, and the dens of black bears and some furbearing mammals
• mineral aggregate resources
• petroleum resources, wells, and works
• Crown forest resources
• hazard lands

7.3.3 Evaluation report

The evaluation report requirements are outlined in section 27 of the Renewable Energy Approval Regulation. These requirements apply to proposed renewable energy projects on Crown land and where MNR permits or approvals are required on private land. Information submitted will be reviewed by the MNR and will inform decisions on approvals and permits.

7.3.4 Environmental impact study report

The environmental impact study report requirements are outlined in section 38 of the Renewable Energy Approval Regulation. These requirements apply to proposed renewable energy projects on Crown land and where MNR permits or approvals are required on private land. Information submitted will be reviewed by the MNR and will inform decisions on approvals and permits.

7.3.5 Additional MNR and other ministry requirements

7.3.5.1 Fish and Wildlife Conservation Act authorisation requirements

The Fish and Wildlife Conservation Act, 1997 prohibits:

• the destruction, taking or possession of nests or eggs of birds (except for those species of birds listed in Subsection 7(2) of the Act or those that are protected under the Migratory Birds Convention Act, 1994)
• the destruction of beaver dams and the dens of black bear and furbearing mammals (except dens of foxes or skunks) and prohibits the interference with a black bear in its den

The applicant of a proposed renewable energy project that, for the purpose of constructing or operating the project, will destroy the nests or eggs of birds, a beaver dam or the den of a black bear or some furbearing mammals, or interfere with a black bear in its den, must obtain an authorization from the MNR. The applicant should submit as part of the application a written request for authorization. The MNR will review the request and evaluate the potential affect of approval on the natural resource, and make a decision on whether to issue the authorization and establish any conditions as required.

7.3.5.2 Other natural resources and features

For other natural features that are found not to be significant using the provincial evaluation standards, there are no specific restrictions on the construction, installation, use, operation or changing of a renewable energy facility. However, the applicant should provide the MNR with information on:

• the potential effects of the project, including loss of connectivity between and among natural features
• mitigation measures, where proposed by the applicant
• consideration of existing wildlife management plans and/or fisheries management plans. The MNR will review this information and use it in evaluating plans and making decisions on related permits or approvals including decisions related to cumulative effects

7.4 Water report

The water report requirements are outlined in sections 30 and 31 of the Renewable Energy Approval Regulation. These requirements apply to proposed renewable energy projects on Crown land and where MNR permits or approvals are required on private land. Information submitted will be reviewed by the MNR and will inform decisions on approvals and permits.

7.5 Consideration of protected properties, archaeological and heritage resources

The requirements for protected properties, archaeological and heritage resources are outlined in sections 19 through 23 of the Renewable Energy Approval Regulation. Information submitted will be considered by the MNR and will inform decisions on approvals and permits.

7.6 Design and operations report

7.6.1 Site plan

The site plan requirements are outlined in paragraph 1 of item 4 of Table 1 of the Renewable Energy Approval Regulation. These requirements apply to proposed renewable energy projects on Crown land and where MNR permits or approvals are required on private land. Information submitted will be reviewed by the MNR and will inform decisions on approvals and permits.

In addition to the requirements outlined in Renewable Energy Approval Regulation, the applicant of a renewable energy project proposed on Crown land will be required to submit a detailed map showing the project in relation to all adjacent land uses, occupational authority, and existing and proposed access and trails within a 300 metre radius of the renewable energy project activities.

7.6.2 Environmental effects monitoring plan

The environmental effects monitoring plan requirements are outlined in paragraph 4 of item 4 of Table 1 of the Renewable Energy Approval Regulation. These requirements apply to proposed renewable energy projects on Crown land and where MNR permits or approvals are required on private land. Information submitted will be reviewed by the MNR and will inform decisions on approvals and permits.

The environmental effects monitoring plan for a project proposed on Crown land will include:

• reason for monitoring
• environmental component or mitigation measures being monitored and the scope of the program
• methods and procedures that are to be used for monitoring extent of effects and the effectiveness of mitigation strategies
• timing and duration of monitoring activities including extension of monitoring activities if unanticipated effects occur
• monitoring results reporting provision, including when interim and final reports will be prepared for the MNR; reports should describe monitoring actions that were undertaken, a description of the study and sampling areas, the data that was collected and the results and interpretation of these results
• provision for additional actions that may be required to address an effect, including operational mitigation and any related monitoring

7.6.3 Public safety plan

To minimize potential risks to public safety, including Crown land resource users, the applicant must provide a public safety plan that addresses applicable municipal, provincial and federal safety requirements which may include:

• operational safety
• access for emergency vehicles
• forest fire prevention and preparedness plan
• emergency management plans
• signage and proposed access restrictions

7.7 Construction plan report

The construction plan report requirements are outlined in item 1 of Table 1 of the Renewable Energy Approval Regulation. These requirements apply to proposed renewable energy projects on Crown land and where MNR permits or approvals are required on private land. Information submitted will be reviewed by the MNR and will inform decisions on approvals and permits.

In addition to the requirements outlined in Renewable Energy Approval Regulation, the applicant of a renewable energy project proposed on Crown land will be required to submit:

• a diagram showing the location(s) of any ancillary or associated temporary infrastructure, including staging and lay-down areas in relation to the project location
• where a water crossing, bridge, culvert and/or causeway is part of the project, a completed work permit application, which includes information about:
  • the specifications of the structure, including the materials to be used and the size
  • watershed calculation for flow/flood estimation
  • proposed erosion and sedimentation control
  • decommissioning plan report

The decommissioning plan report requirements are outlined in item 3 of Table 1 of the Renewable Energy Approval Regulation. These requirements apply to proposed renewable energy projects on Crown land and where MNR permits or approvals are required on private land. Information submitted will be reviewed by the MNR and will inform decisions on approvals and permits.

For a renewable energy project proposed on Crown land, the decommissioning plan is required to ensure that the project location is restored to a clean and safe condition as determined by the MNR on a project by project basis. This includes the retiring, abandoning, dismantling, or removing from active service, working order, or operation all components of the renewable energy project, including access roads.

7.9 Crown land interests report

Through the application, the applicant may be required to provide information related, but not limited, to:

• title searches and legal agreements from affected landowners
• consents from unpatented mining claim holders or agreement from mining lease holders (where surface rights are held) to surrender all or part of leases, where required
• legal agreements with Petroleum lease holders regarding infrastructure
• mitigation of effects to existing users, including those with licenses, permits or occupational authority (may require consent/agreement)
• site access controls to mitigate the effects to other resource users or management activities
• measures to address compatibility with or effects to existing land use direction

8 Additional location or project-specific requirements

The applicant of a renewable energy project may need to fulfil additional requirements if the project:

• will require approval from the Federal Government
• will require aggregate material for the construction of the facility or associated infrastructure that is not being obtained from an existing approved source
• will impact species at risk or their habitat (consult with Ministry of the Environment, Conservation and Parks)
• is proposed in natural hazard lands
• is proposed in an area under a Forest Resource License or a Sustainable Forest License and/or will involve the harvesting of Crown-owned forest resources
• is proposed within 75 metres of a petroleum resources operation
• will use 1000 cubic metres of forest fibre per year
• has wildfire prevention and preparedness requirements

8.1 Evidence of Federal Government engagement

Applicants should note that there are instances where the MNR is unable to issue some approvals and permits until the Federal Government has made a decision on related approvals. The MNR will not deem an application to be complete until the applicant provides evidence of the relevant Federal Agency’s approval or intent to approve. The Federal approvals that are required by the MNR are listed in Appendix D.

8.2 Aggregate extraction requirements

The Aggregate Resources Act (ARA) regulates the operation of a pit or quarry to extract aggregate on all Crown land and also on private land in areas of the province that are designated (identified) in the regulations. The term aggregate includes sand, gravel, stone, rock, clay, earth, etc. On Crown land, the extraction of topsoil is also regulated under the (ARA).

In situations where the primary purpose of the excavation is not to obtain aggregate (for example, excavating an area for the foundation of a building or tower), a licence or permit under the ARA is not required and the excavated material can be used for the project if desired. Applicants must discuss this determination with the MNR’s Aggregate Resources Section to ensure that correct interpretation of ‘primary purpose’ is being applied.

If a renewable energy project requires aggregate, it is recommended that the applicant identify commercial sources of aggregate (licensed or permitted) that are nearby using MNRs interactive Find Pits and Quarries map in order to determine the availability of material for the project.

If it is not feasible to obtain the required aggregate material from an existing source, the approval of a new pit or quarry would not be considered as a component of the renewable energy project; however, the applicant may wish to discuss opportunities for streamlining requirements under the ARA and renewable energy project requirements with the MNR.

The Aggregate Resources of Ontario Provincial Standards identifies the application requirements and the application process to obtain a licence (on private land) or an aggregate permit (on Crown land). It is a requirement of the regulations under the ARA that all applications must be carried out in accordance with this process.

8.3 Removing (clearing) Crown-owned forest resource requirements

This section applies to a renewable energy predevelopment project or renewable energy project proposed on lands when the project involves the removal (clearing) of Crown timber. The primary process to receive authorization to remove Crown forest resources for non-forestry purposes under the Crown Forest Sustainability Act, 1994 is through a Permit to Remove (PTR). Authorization for a PTR must be granted by the MNR, applicants should discuss requirements with 1 of the MNR's work centre(s).

Renewable energy predevelopment or renewable energy projects will only qualify for a PTR if they have received approval or satisfied the conditions or requirements for the activity under 1 or more of the following acts:

• The Environment Assessment Act, 1990
• The Mining Act, 1990
• The Public Lands Act, 1990
• The Lakes and Rivers Improvement Act, 1990
• The Aggregate Resources Act, 1990
• The Canadian Environmental Assessment Act, 2012*

*as of 21 June 2019, now the Impact Assessment Act, 2019

8.3.1 Application of a Permit to Remove

The PTR applicant will need to share maps and geospatial data on the area to be covered by the permit.

The PTR applicant will need to share information on previously completed notification and consultation with Indigenous communities on the broad scope of the project and the required removal of forest resources.

A PTR may be issued to remove forest resources in a Crown forest, whether the Crown forest is located within or outside a designated management unit (MU). PTR terms and conditions may include but are not limited to:

• setting the term during which the permit applies
• limiting the area to which the permit applies
• requiring the permittee to submit reports and information
• directing the use of or disposal of forest resources removed under the permit
• requiring the permittee to take steps specified in the permit, and requiring that steps be taken before engaging in the removal of forest resources authorized by the permit
• requiring the permittee to furnish security in an amount that is sufficient to ensure compliance with the permit
• setting out the circumstances in which the permittee requires the consent of the Minister of Natural Resources to undergo material changes to its structure or its business
• specifying that the permit is non-transferable or limiting the permittee’s ability to transfer or assign the permit
• requiring the permittee to undertake silviculture or other activities to renew the Crown forest

Applicants should note that the Crown charges appropriate to the species, grade and destination apply and that charges for forest resources removed under a PTR differ depending on whether the PTR area lies within or outside of a designated MU. The removed forest resources remain the property of the Crown until all Crown charges have been paid.

8.3.2 Exceptions to using a PTR

To be eligible for a PTR the activity must require the forest resources to be removed and not be renewed during the duration of the activity. If the renewable energy predevelopment or renewable energy project requires temporary removal of forest resources but the area can be renewed again in the future, then a Forest Resource Licence may be more appropriate. Applicants should discuss the areas of the project with MNR staff as both a PTR and a Forest Resource Licence may be appropriate for different areas.

In some cases, an existing Sustainable Forest Licence holder or existing Forest Resource Licence holder may be interested in harvesting Crown-owned forest resources from the area in advance of the project. The MNR may engage with these parties during the PTR review process.

A PTR cannot to be issued for the removal of trees reserved to the Crown on private land. A Licence to Harvest Crown Trees, granted under section 29 of Ontario Regulation 167/95, would be required for the harvest of trees reserved to the Crown on private land.

8.5 Projects proposed in provincial parks or conservation reserves

Renewable energy projects are generally prohibited in provincial parks and conservation reserves. Section 19 of the Provincial Parks and Conservation Reserves Act, 2006 describes limited circumstances where electricity projects may be permitted.

8.6 Projects proposed in natural hazard lands

Renewable energy projects shall generally be directed to areas outside of:

• hazardous lands adjacent to the shorelines of the Great Lakes - St. Lawrence River System and large inland lakes which are affected by flooding hazards, erosion hazards and/or dynamic beach hazards
• hazardous lands adjacent to river, stream and small inland lake systems which are affected by flooding hazards and/or erosion hazards
• hazardous sites

Renewable energy projects shall not be permitted within:

• a dynamic beach hazard
• defined portions of the 100 year flood level along connecting channels (the St. Mary’s, St. Clair, Detroit, Niagara and St. Lawrence Rivers)
• areas that would be rendered inaccessible to people and vehicles during times of flooding hazards, erosion hazards and/or dynamic beach hazards, unless it has been demonstrated that the site has safe access appropriate for the nature of the development and the natural hazard
• a floodway regardless of whether the area of inundation contains high points of land not subject to flooding

Despite the above direction, renewable energy projects may be permitted in these areas where the development is limited to uses which by their nature must locate within the floodway, including flood and/or erosion control works or minor additions or passive non-structural uses which do not affect flood flows.

Through Section 28 regulations under the Conservation Authorities Act, 1990, Conservation Authorities regulate development and activities in river or stream valleys, Great Lakes and large inland lakes shorelines, hazardous lands, wetlands and watercourses. Renewable energy projects proposed for these lands requires permission (permit) from the Conservation Authority. In areas of the province with a local Conservation Authority (Appendix B), the applicant should contact the Conservation Authority as early as possible in the process to determine if the project location is within a natural hazard land.

Where there is no local Conservation Authority the applicant should work with the MNR to determine if a project will be permitted in a hazard land. Information required by the MNR to make this determination includes:

• erosion and sediment effects assessments, and mitigation measures
• hydrologic and hydraulic effect assessments
• geotechnical/slope stability information
• letter of Opinion that structure can withstand flood depth and velocity, certified by a professional engineer
• proposed site alteration, including grading, topsoil stripping and natural channel modification
• federal Government approvals (Appendix D)

8.8 Petroleum resources operation setback

Development is not permitted within 75 metres of a petroleum resources operation, unless the applicant submits an engineers report demonstrating that there are no effects to the development. Well location information can be obtained from the Ontario Oil, Gas and Salt Resources Library.

8.9 Application for a forest resource processing facility licence

This requirements document addresses only the approval and permitting requirements for the construction, installation, use, operation, changing or retiring of a renewable energy generation facility. The approvals associated with the wood supply for the facility, including harvesting and forest management continue to be authorized separately through the Crown Forest Sustainability Act, 1994.

Applicants of all proposed biomass, biogas, and biofuels facilities that will generate electricity and use more than 1,000 cubic meters of forest resources per year (or equivalent measure) regardless of the fibre source, must submit an application for a forest resource processing facility licence.

The application for a forest resource processing facility licence should be submitted as early as possible in the application process. A business plan for the facility must be submitted as part of the applicant’s application and show the applicant’s ability to finance, operate, and manage the facility and an analysis of the source, species, and volume of the forest resources that will supply the facility. The exact requirements for a business plan will depend on the nature of the proposal and should be discussed with the MNR.

8.10 Wildfire prevention and preparedness requirements

Any project on Crown land or land within a fire region must follow the MNR’s standards for forest fire prevention and preparedness. Projects on any other land are subject to the relevant provincial/municipal framework for fire safety and prevention. Applicants should note that a burn plan and burn permit may be required if burning (for example, of debris) at the project location will occur. The applicant should discuss their proposed project with the MNR work centre, fire managers and local municipal fire officials.

The applicant must address fire risks through all phases of a project, including land clearing and disposal of debris. The application should include information on:

• fire hazard assessment (for example, identification of fuel sources and values at the project location)
• risk assessment of ignition
• ignition prevention measures, and if necessary (depending on the risk of ignition), mitigation of potential for ignitions when operational
• fire preparedness plan, including a suppression plan (identifying the fire response agency, training of staff to suppress fires, suppression equipment on site, etc.) and an emergency plan (identifying evacuation plans, etc.)
• fire protection of the facility from wildfire threats (including FireSmart construction and landscaping, fuels maintenance, and more)

9 Projects not subject to all requirements

All requirements may not need to be fulfilled for all projects based on the specific approvals required.

These renewable energy projects may also require approval from other agencies or levels of government, for example, a conservation authority, municipality or federal agency. It is the responsibility of the applicant to ensure that those other requirements are met.

9.1 Projects that do not require a disposition of Crown land and do not require a renewable energy approval from the Ministry of the Environment, Conservation and Parks

For a renewable energy project that does not require a renewable energy approval (outlined in section 8 of the Renewable Energy Approval Regulation) and does not require a disposition of Crown land, the requirements do not apply.

9.2 Projects that require a disposition of Crown land but do not require a renewable energy approval from the Ministry of the Environment, Conservation and Parks

For a renewable energy project that does not require a renewable energy approval (Section 8 of the Renewable Energy Approval Regulation) but does require a disposition of Crown land, the requirements are:

• project description
• site plan
• decommissioning plan
• Aboriginal consultation

Note: other approvals from other ministries, agencies or levels of government may apply.

9.2.1 Project description

A project description must include a description of the:

• renewable energy project, including all infrastructure
• proposed existing access to be used for the project
• installation and operation of the facility and all infrastructure, including the proposed:
  • method of installation
  • timing of installation
  • operation of the device

9.2.2 Site plan

Showing the location of the renewable energy project, all infrastructure and existing access in relation to known site features.

9.2.3 Decommissioning plan

A decommissioning plan is required to ensure that the site is restored to a clean and safe condition as determined by the MNR on a project basis. This includes the retiring, abandoning, dismantling, or removing from active service, working order, or operation all components of the renewable energy facility.

9.2.4 Aboriginal consultation

As described in Section 7.1.3.

9.3 Class II wind facilities under the Renewable Energy Approval Regulation

For wind projects that involve a Class II wind facility (as described in section 6 of the Renewable Energy Approval Regulation) and that require disposition of Crown land, the MNR’s requirements are:

1. site plan (as described in Section 7.6.1 of this document)
2. decommissioning plan report (as described in section 6.2.7 of this document)
3. consultation with Aboriginal communities (as described in section 7.1.3 of this document)

Note: other approvals from other ministries, agencies or levels of government may apply.

10 Appeals and inquiries

10.1 Public Lands Act, 1990 work permit appeal process

Regulation 975 under the Public Lands Act, 1990 requires that an officer issue a work permit to any person who applies for one, unless the officer is of the opinion that the work will be inconsistent with 1 of the criteria listed in subsection 2(1) of Regulation 975, as amended from time to time. If an officer proposes to refuse or cancel a work permit the applicant/permittee has a right to appeal the decision. Refer to Policy 3.03.04 (Work Permits – Section 14 Public Lands Act, 1990) for complete details of the appeal process.

10.2 Lakes and Rivers Improvement Act inquiries

The Ontario Land Tribunal provides for an inquiry under the Lakes and Rivers Improvement Act, 1990, which provides for an inquiry upon the request of the applicant who has received notice from the MNR of the intention to refuse approval or make an order. The inquiry would result in a report with recommendations to the Minister.

11 Additional approvals, amendments and redevelopments

11.1 Additional approvals required prior to commissioning

Where an additional approval from the MNR is required as a result of activities associated with the construction or installation of a renewable energy project that were not anticipated during the application process, the applicant should contact the MNR to determine what, if any, requirements need to be completed.

11.2 Amendments to plans prior to commissioning

Where the applicant wishes to amend plans for a renewable energy generation facility prior to commissioning the applicant must submit to the MNR in writing, the details of the proposed amendment. This may include amendments proposed:

• after the application has been accepted by the MNR but before approvals have been granted
• after the project has received approvals from the MNR but prior to commissioning of the project

Based on the information submitted, the specific requirements related to the proposed amendment will be identified. Applicants may be required to complete some or all of the requirements outlined in Sections 7 and 8, as applicable to the amendment proposed, in order for the MNR to accept the revised application and consider approvals or amendments to approvals.

11.3 Expansions, modifications and redevelopments of commissioned sites

Where the applicant wishes to undertake an expansion, modification or redevelopment of a commissioned renewable energy generation facility, they must discuss with the ministry the details of the proposed project. Once the applicant has identified the details of the project the specific requirements related to the proposed project will be identified. Applicants may be required to complete some or all of the requirements outlined in Sections 7 and 8, as applicable to the expansion, modification or redevelopment proposed.

Appendix A: Definitions

In this requirements document:

Aggregate

means gravel, sand, clay, earth, shale, stone, limestone, dolostone, sandstone, marble, granite, and rock.

Anaerobic digestion

has the same meaning as in Ontario Regulation 160/99 made under the Electricity Act, 1998.

Applicant

means a person who carries out or proposes to carry out a renewable energy testing project or a renewable energy generation project, or is the owner or person having charge, management or control of a renewable energy testing project or a renewable energy generation project.

Area of natural and scientific interest (earth science)

means an area that has earth science values related to protection, scientific study or education.

Area of natural and scientific interest (life science)

means an area that has life science values related to protection, scientific study or education.

Biofuel

has the same meaning as in Ontario Regulation 160/99 made under the Electricity Act, 1998.

Biofuel facility

means a renewable energy generation facility at which biofuel is used to generate electricity.

Biogas

has the same meaning as in Ontario Regulation 160/99 made under the Electricity Act, 1998.

Biogas facility

means a renewable energy generation facility at which biogas is used to generate electricity but does not include an anaerobic digestion facility.

Biomass

has the same meaning as in Ontario Regulation 160/99 made under the Electricity Act, 1998.

Board area

means, when used in relation to a Local Services Board, the geographical area within which the Local Services Board may exercise its jurisdiction.

Coastal wetland

means a wetland that is located on Lake Ontario, Lake Erie, Lake Huron, Lake Superior or Lake St. Clair, on the St. Mary’s, St. Clair, Detroit, Niagara or St. Lawrence River, or on a tributary to any water body mentioned in (a) or (b) and, either in whole or in part, downstream of a line located 2 kilometres upstream of the 1:100 year floodline of the water body including wave run-up.

Community based land use plan

means a land use plan that has been prepared under section 9 and approved as required by that section.

Conservation reserve

means a conservation reserve within the meaning of the Provincial Parks and Conservation Reserves Act, 2006.

Development capacity

means, in reference to a lake trout lake, a lake determined to be at capacity for shoreline development if the mean volume weighted hypolimnetic dissolved oxygen is at or below 7 mg/L or if modelling indicates that development of existing lots of record will put oxygen below the criterion as set out in records maintained by and available from the MNR.

Dynamic beach hazard

means areas of inherently unstable accumulations of shoreline sediments along the Great Lakes - St. Lawrence River System and large inland lakes, as identified by provincial standards, as amended from time to time. The dynamic beach hazard limit consists of the flooding hazard limit plus a dynamic beach allowance.

Earth science values

means values that relate to the geological, soil and landform features of the environment.

Erosion hazard

means the loss of land, due to human or natural processes, that poses a threat to life and property. The erosion hazard limit is determined using considerations that include the 100 year erosion rate (the average annual rate of recession extended over a 100-year time span), an allowance for slope stability, and an erosion/erosion access allowance.

Fish

means fish, which as defined in S.2 of the Fisheries Act, c. F-14, as amended, includes fish shellfish, crustaceans and marine animals, at all stages of their life cycles.

Fish Habitat

has the same meaning as in the Fisheries Act, c. F-14, means spawning grounds and nursery, rearing, food supply, and migration areas on which fish depend directly or indirectly in order to carry out their life processes.

Flooding hazard

means the inundation, under the conditions specified below, of areas adjacent to a shoreline or a river or stream system and not ordinarily covered by water:

1. along the shorelines of the Great Lakes - St. Lawrence River System and large inland lakes, the flooding hazard limit is based on the 100 year flood level plus an allowance for wave uprush and other water-related hazards
2. along river, stream and small inland lake systems, the flooding hazard limit is the greater of:
   1. the flood resulting from the rainfall actually experienced during a major storm such as the Hurricane Hazel storm (1954) or the Timmins storm (1961), transposed over a specific watershed and combined with the local conditions, where evidence suggests that the storm event could have potentially occurred over watersheds in the general area
   2. the 100 year flood; and
   3. a flood which is greater than 1. or 2. which was actually experienced in a particular watershed or portion thereof, for example, as a result of ice jams and which has been approved as the standard for that specific area by the Minister of Natural Resources

   except where the use of the 100 year flood or the actually experienced event has been approved by the Minister of Natural Resources as the standard for a specific watershed (where the past history of flooding supports the lowering of the standard)

Forest resources

means trees in a forest ecosystem, any other type of plant life prescribed by the regulations under the Crown Forest Sustainability Act, 1994 that is in a forest ecosystem, and parts of or residue from trees in a forest ecosystem.

Hazard lands

means property or lands that could be unsafe for development due to naturally occurring processes. Along the shorelines of the Great Lakes - St. Lawrence River System, this means the land, including that covered by water, between the international boundaries, where applicable, and the furthest landward limit of the flooding hazard, erosion hazard or dynamic beach hazard limits. Along the shorelines of large inland lakes, this means the land, including that covered by water, between a defined offshore distance or depth and the furthest landward limit of the flooding hazard, erosion hazard or dynamic beach hazard limits. Along river, stream and small inland lake systems, this means the land, including that covered by water, to the furthest landward limit of the flooding hazard or erosion hazard limits.

Intermittent stream

means a natural or artificial channel, other than a dam, that carries water intermittently and does not have established vegetation within the bed of the channel, except vegetation dominated by plant communities that require or prefer the continuous presence of water or continuously saturated soil for their survival.

Lake trout lake

means a lake that has been designated by the Ministry of Natural Resources for lake trout management, as set out in records maintained by and available from that ministry.

Land use plan

means a land use plan mentioned in subsection 12 (2) of the Public Lands Act, 1990.

Life science values

means values that relate to the living component of the environment.

Local roads area

means a local roads area established under the Local Roads Boards Act, 1990. Local roads board means a board of a local roads area under the Local Road Boards Act, 1990. Local Services Board means a Local Services Board within the meaning of the Norther Services Boards Act, 1990.

Natural feature

means, all or part of, an area of natural and scientific interest (earth science), an area of natural and scientific interest (life science), a coastal wetland, a northern wetland, a southern wetland, a valleyland, a wildlife habitat, or a woodland.

Negative environmental effects

mean a negative effect that will be caused or that might reasonably be expected to be caused to the environment.

Niagara Escarpment Commission

means the Niagara Escarpment Commission continued under subsection 5 (1) of the Niagara Escarpment Planning and Development Act, 1990.

Niagara Escarpment Plan

means the Plan approved under the Niagara Escarpment Planning and Development Act, 1990, as amended and revised in accordance with that Act.

Northern wetland

means a wetland located north of the northern limit of Ecoregions 5E, 6E and 7E as shown in Figure 1 in the Provincial Policy Statement issued under section 3 of the Planning Act, 1990 and approved by the Lieutenant Governor in Council by Order in Council No. 140/2005.

Permanent stream

means a stream that continually flows in an average year.

Petroleum resources operation

means a “well” or “work” as defined by the Oil, Gas and Salt Resources Act, 1990.

Planning board

means a planning board established under section 9 or 10 of the Planning Act.

Project location

means, when used in relation to a renewable energy testing project or a renewable energy project, a part of land and all or part of any building or structure in, on or over which a person is engaging in or proposes to engage in the project and any air space in which a person is engaging in or proposes to engage in the project.

Provincial park

means a provincial park within the meaning of the Provincial Parks and Conservation Reserves Act, 2006.

Renewable energy project

has the same meaning as in the Electricity Act, 1998.

Renewable energy generation facility

has the same meaning as in the Electricity Act, 1998.

Renewable energy source

has the same meaning as in the Electricity Act, 1998.

Renewable energy testing facility

has the same meaning as in the Electricity Act, 1998.

Renewable energy testing project

has the same meaning as in the Electricity Act, 1998.

Seepage area

means a site of emergence of ground water where the water table is present at the ground surface, including a spring.

Solar facility

means a renewable energy generation facility at which 1 or more solar photovoltaic collector panels or devices use light to generate electricity.

Southern wetland

means a wetland located south of the northern limit of Ecoregions 5E, 6E and 7E as shown in Figure 1 in the Provincial Policy Statement issued under section 3 of the Planning Act and approved by the Lieutenant Governor in Council by Order in Council No. 140/2005.

Unorganized territory has the same

has the same meaning as in the Municipal Act, 2001.

Valleyland

means a natural area that is south and east of the Canadian Shield as shown in Figure 1 in the Provincial Policy Statement issued under section 3 of the Planning Act and approved by the Lieutenant Governor in Council by Order in Council No. 140/2005, and that occurs in a valley or other landform depression that has water flowing through or standing for some period of the year

Water body

includes a lake (including a kettle lake), a permanent stream, an intermittent stream and a seepage area but does not include grassed waterways, temporary channels for surface drainage, such as furrows or shallow channels that can be tilled and driven through, rock chutes and spillways, roadside ditches that do not contain a permanent or intermittent stream, temporarily ponded areas that are normally farmed, dugout ponds, or artificial bodies of water intended for the storage, treatment or recirculation of runoff from farm animal yards, manure storage facilities and sites and outdoor confinement areas.

Well

means in relation to a petroleum resources operation, a hole in the ground, whether completely drilled or in the process of being drilled, for the purpose of the production of oil, gas or formation water, including the production of coal bed methane but excluding the production of fresh water, the injection, storage and withdrawal of oil, gas, other hydrocarbons or other approved substances in an underground geological formation, the disposal of oil field fluid in an underground geological formation, solution mining, or geological evaluation or testing rocks of Cambrian or more recent age.

Wetland

means land such as a swamp, marsh, bog or fen, other than land that is being used for agricultural purposes and no longer exhibits wetland characteristics, that is seasonally or permanently covered by shallow water or has the water table close to or at the surface, and has hydric soils and vegetation dominated by hydrophytic or water-tolerant plants.

Wildlife habitat

means an area where plants, animals and other organisms live or have the potential to live and find adequate amounts of food, water, shelter and space to sustain their population, including an area where a species concentrates at a vulnerable point in its annual or life cycle and an area that is important to a migratory or non-migratory species.

Wind facility

means a renewable energy generation facility at which wind is used to generate electricity through the use of 1 or more wind turbines.

Woodland

means land that is south and east of the Canadian Shield as shown in Figure 1 in the Provincial Policy Statement issued under section 3 of the Planning Act and approved by the Lieutenant Governor in Council by Order in Council No. 140/2005, that has, per hectare, at least, 1,000 trees of any size, 750 trees measuring over 5 centimetres in diameter at 1.37 metres from the ground, 500 trees measuring over 12 centimetres in diameter at 1.37 metres from the ground, or 250 trees measuring over 20 centimetres in diameter at 1.37 metres from the ground, and that does not include a cultivated fruit or nut orchard or a plantation established for the purpose of producing Christmas trees.

Work

means, in relation to a petroleum resources operation, a well or any pipeline or other structure or equipment that is used in association with a well.

Appendix B: Conservation Authorities

The Conservation Authorities Act, 1990 is administered by the MNR. There are 36 Conservation Authorities across Ontario.

Under the Conservation Authorities Act, 1990 Section 28, the “Development, Interference with Wetlands, and Alterations to Shorelines and Watercourses Regulation”, Conservation Authorities regulate development and other activities within their areas of jurisdiction (river and stream valleys, Great Lakes and large inland lake shorelines, hazardous lands, watercourses and wetlands).

Permission of the local Conservation Authority is required for straightening, changing, diverting or interfering in any way with the existing channel of a river, creek, stream or watercourse, or for changing or interfering in any way with a wetland. Permission may be granted, with or without conditions, for development or other activities if in the opinion of the Conservation Authority, the control of flooding, erosion, dynamic beaches or pollution or the conservation of land is not affected by the development or activity.

In addition, Fisheries and Oceans Canada has partnering arrangements with Conservation Authorities and the MNR. Where there are agreements with Conservation Authorities in place, initial requests for the review of projects in or around water that may affect fish and fish habitat are referred to the local Conservation Authority (Appendix D).

It is recommended that renewable energy applicants contact the local Conservation Authority office of the proposed project site for specific application requirements for permissions. For more information on Conservation Authorities, including maps identifying where Conservation Authorities are located see Conservation Ontario’s website.

Appendix C: Reference sources

All

Provincial policy

• Ontario oil, gas and salt resources library: An information center on Ontario’s subsurface geology and oil, gas, salt and underground hydrocarbon storage resources.

Federal legislation

• Species at Risk Act, Schedule 1 (List of Wildlife Species at Risk): List of extirpated, endangered, threatened and special concern species under the Federal Species at Risk Act

All renewable energy projects

Federal and provincial protocol

• Fish Habitat Referral Protocol for Ontario (PDF): Provides guidance to agencies that have responsibility for the impacts to fish or fish habitat

Information resource

• Fisheries Management Zone: Administrative area used for fishery management to monitor and assess fish populations

Provincial information resource

• Aggregate Resource Inventory Paper (PDF): Report detailing aggregate resources from Ontario Geological Survey
• Crown Land Use Policy Atlas (CLUPA): Provides information on area specific land use policies
• Community Based Land Use Plans: Provides area-specific information for approved community based land use plans in the Far North of Ontario
• Great Lakes Conservation Blueprint for Terrestrial Biodiversity: Ecoregion assessment of the terrestrial biodiversity of the Great Lakes Ecoregion
• Great Lakes Conservation Blueprint for Aquatic Biodiversity: Ecoregion assessment of the aquatic biodiversity of the Great Lakes Ecoregion
• Ministry of Mines (MINES) Claim Maps: Provides information on mining claims in Ontario
• Wildlife Policies, Procedures and Management Plans: Provides advice in management of wildlife species and their habitats

Provincial guideline

• Environmental Guidelines for Access Roads and Water Crossings: Provides guidance for those involved with access roads and water crossings on Crown land
• Understanding Natural Hazards: Assists the public and planning authorities with natural hazards policies
  Please contact mnrwaterpolicy@ontario.ca for a copy

Provincial policy

• Application Review and Land Disposition Policy – Appendix A – Lake Trout Lakes: Provides direction for the disposition of Crown land that could impact lake trout lakes
• Strategic Plan for Ontario’s Fisheries II: Provides a long-term plan for managing Ontario’s fisheries resources

Provincial protocol

• Modifying Industrial Operations Protocol (PDF): Provide direction to industrial operators for the prevention and suppression of wildfires

All water-based renewable energy projects

Federal Information Resource

• Navigational charts: Provides information about water depth, obstructions and other dangers to navigation.

Any project involving a water crossing

Provincial guideline

• Lakes and Rivers Improvement Technical Guidelines: Sets out review and approvals for activities that occur on or around lakes and rivers
• Natural Heritage Reference Manual: Provides guidance related to the evaluation of natural heritage values

Wind and solar projects

Guidance document

• Renewable Energy Predevelopment Projects on Crown Land: Provides advice on submitting a predevelopment proposal to MNR                                  
  Please contact MNRFrenewableenergysupport@ontario.ca for a copy

Windpower

Federal guideline

• Recommended Protocols for Monitoring Impacts of Wind Turbines on Birds (PDF): Provides guidance on protocols for studies and follow-up monitoring to evaluate impacts on birds
• Wind Turbines and Birds: A Guidance Document for Environmental Assessment: Defines Environment Canada’s expectations to address the potential effects on birds

Provincial guideline

• Guidelines to Assist in the Review of Windpower Proposals (Birds and Bats): Provides best practices to help ensure birds, bats and their habitats are adequately considered
• Significant Wildlife Habitat Technical Guide: Provides detailed information to help define significant wildlife habitat

Appendix D: Federal approvals

Approvals, authorizations and/or permits may need to be obtained from federal agencies that have a regulatory responsibility for reviewing renewable energy projects. There are instances where the MNR is unable to issue approvals prior to federal agencies issuing some approvals (or providing evidence of intent to approve). Early consultation and involvement of these agencies is paramount for the applicant to fulfill requirements efficiently. Federal agencies are responsible for the following permitting and approvals processes. 

Fisheries and Oceans Canada: The federal government, through Fisheries and Oceans Canada has a constitutional responsibility for seacoast and inland fisheries. Specific responsibilities for the management and protection of fish, fish habitat and promotion of fish passage appear in sections 20 to 22, 30, 32, 35 and 37 of the Fisheries Act, 1985. Fish habitat includes spawning grounds and nursery, rearing, food supply and migration areas on which fish depend directly or indirectly in order to carry out their life processes (Section 34(1) of the Fisheries Act, 1985).

Under the Fisheries Act, 1985, no one may carry out any work or undertaking that results in the harmful alteration, disruption or destruction of fish habitat, unless this has been authorized by the Minister of Fisheries and Oceans Canada. Where adverse effects to fish habitat cannot be avoided through project relocation, redesign or mitigation, habitat compensation may be required, and a subsection 35(2) Fisheries Act authorization issued. Where the harmful alteration, disruption or destruction of fish habitat is not acceptable, the authorization may be refused.

An authorization under section 32 and subsection 35(2) of the Fisheries Act, 1985 is usually a regulatory trigger for an environmental assessment under the Canadian Environmental Assessment Act, 1990. The Canadian Environmental Assessment Act, 1990 requirements must be completed prior to making a decision on whether to issue an authorization.

Fisheries and Oceans Canada has partnering arrangements with Conservation Authorities and the MNR. Where there are agreements with Conservation Authorities in place, initial requests for the review of projects in or around water that may affect fish and fish habitat are referred to the local Conservation Authority. Therefore, Conservation Authorities are the first point of contact for the majority of projects in and around water in Ontario. Depending on the level of agreement, Conservation Authorities will undertake an initial review of the project, provide mitigation advice and/or review habitat compensation plans. Projects requiring review, Fisheries Act, 1985 authorization and/or assessment under the Canadian Environmental Assessment Act, 1990 are forwarded to Fisheries and Oceans Canada.

In areas of the province where there is no Conservation Authority, the local Ministry office is the first point of contact for the review of projects in and around water that may affect fish and fish habitat.

Transport Canada: The Navigable Waters Protection Program (administered by Transport Canada) is responsible for safeguarding the navigability of all waters including coastal and inland waterways throughout the province, and ensuring the safety of marine navigation with due consideration to the environment. Under the provisions of the Canadian Navigable Waters Act, 1985, it is unlawful to construct or place a work in a navigable waterway without the approval of Transport Canada. A Letter of Approval may be required by Transport Canada depending on the class of waterway or works involved. The MNR will not issue authorizations until this approval is granted.

Environment Canada: Under the Federal Species at Risk Act, 2002 , there are prohibitions against the killing, harming, harassing or taking of endangered, threatened and extirpated species listed in Schedule 1 of Species at Risk Act, 2002 and against the damage or destruction of their residences (for example, nest or den). These prohibitions apply to:

• species listed in Schedule 1 of the Species at Risk Act, 2002 found on federal lands such as national parks, national wildlife areas, Prairie Farm Rehabilitation Administration pastures, Aboriginal reserve lands and military training areas
• all aquatic species listed in Schedule 1 of Species at Risk Act,2002 , anywhere they occur
• all migratory birds listed in the Migratory Birds Convention Act, 1994 and listed in Schedule 1 of Species at Risk Act, 2002, anywhere they occur

It is particularly important for any applicant of a renewable energy project to consider the impact of its construction and operation on any species that may be designated as a species at risk under that Actand to work with Environment Canada should any possible impact be identified.