MacLennan Esker Forest Conservation Reserve Management Statement

Statement of Conservation Interest

Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources
Information and Resource Management, Sudbury District

November 2004

Ce document est seulement disponsible en anglais.

Approval statement

I am pleased to approve this Statement of Conservation Interest (SCI) for MacLennan Esker Forest Conservation Reserve (C178).

MacLennan Esker Forest Conservation Reserve contains a variety of forest types (including white birch, poplar, jack pine, black spruce and red oak) and an extensive wetland area. The site also contains glaciofluvial outwash deposits, including a significant proglacial delta complex with associated relict shoreline bluffs and glaciofluvial scarp forms. Regulated on November 22, 2002, this 368-hectare conservation reserve is situated in MacLennan Township (now part of the City of Greater Sudbury) and is located approximately 20 kilometres northeast of the City of Greater Sudbury.

Direction for establishing, planning and managing conservation reserves is defined under the Public Lands Act, the Crown Land Use Policy Atlas, the Ontario’s Living Legacy Land Use Strategy and other applicable policies. The specific direction for managing this conservation reserve is in the form of a basic SCI, which defines the area to which the plan applies, provides the purpose for which the conservation reserve has been proposed, and outlines the Ministry of Natural Resources' management intent for the protected area. This SCI has been created with input from program specialists within the Sudbury District. It will provide both the foundation for the continued monitoring of activities and guidance for the management of the conservation reserve. More detailed direction at this time is not anticipated. However, should significant facility development be considered or complex issues arise requiring additional studies, more detailed management direction in the form of special protection measures, or a detailed Resource Management Plan, will be prepared with full public consultation.

Public and Aboriginal consultation occurred prior to the regulation of this conservation reserve. Additional consultation periods took place in October and November 2004 that provided stakeholders with an opportunity to comment on the draft SCI. Comments from the review period have been considered in the development of this document.

The management guidelines outlined in this SCI will be implemented by the Sudbury Area Supervisor, and will be reviewed every five years and amended as required by the District Planner, Sudbury District, and Ministry of Natural Resources.

Prepared by:
Rebecca Zeran and Mike Jackson
Crown Land and Protected Areas Planning Assistants

Date: November, 2004

Recommended for approval by Ernie Heerschap for:
Stephen Devos
A/Sudbury Area Supervisor

Date: 18/01/2005

Cindy Blancher-Smith
District Manager
Sudbury District

Date: 31/01/2005

Approved by:
Rob Galloway
Regional Director
Northeast Region

Date: 09/02/2005

Executive summary

The purpose of this Statement of Conservation Interest is to identify and describe the natural, recreational, and cultural values of MacLennan Esker Forest Conservation Reserve and to outline and guide the Ministry of Natural Resources' management intent for this area.

MacLennan Esker Forest Conservation Reserve (C178) was regulated on November 22, 2002. The 368-hectare conservation reserve is situated in MacLennan Township (now part of the City of Greater Sudbury) and is located approximately 20 kilometres northeast of the downtown core of the city. The administrative details of the site are summarized in Table 1 below.

MacLennan Esker Forest Conservation Reserve contains a variety of forest and wetland types as well as glaciofluvial outwash deposits, including a significant proglacial delta complex with associated relict shoreline bluffs and glaciofluvial scarp forms. Contrary to the site’s name, no esker formation is present within the boundaries of the conservation reserve.

Table 1: Administrative details for MacLennan Esker Forest Conservation Reserve (C178).

1.0 Introduction

The following document is a Statement of Conservation Interest (SCI) for MacLennan Esker Forest Conservation Reserve (C178). The purpose of this SCI is to identify and describe the natural, recreational, and cultural values of MacLennan Esker Forest Conservation Reserve and to outline the Ministry of Natural Resources' management intent for this area. The first three sections of this document highlight the provincial context in which it was produced, state its goal and objectives, and summarize the planning process for conservation reserves. Sections 4.0 through 7.0 are specific to MacLennan Esker Forest Conservation Reserve and provide background information and management direction for the site. Section 8.0 outlines the requirements for continued implementation and review of this document.

Management direction specified in this SCI will serve to protect the conservation reserve for the benefit of all Ontario residents. This direction will comply with the land use intent and guidelines stated in the Crown Land Use Policy Atlas (CLUPA) on the internet at www.ontario.ca/page/crown-land-use-policy-atlas. The CLUPA is a consolidation of existing local land use policies for Crown lands within the Ontario Living Legacy Land Use Strategy (LUS) (1999) planning area, an area that covers 45 percent of the province and that extends from Lake Simcoe in the south to the Albany River in the north. Additionally, this conservation reserve will be managed under the Public Lands Act (R.S.O. 1990, c.P.43), and will comply with all legal requirements as specified under the Environmental Assessment Act (R.S.O. 1990, c.E.18).

The MacLennan Esker Forest Conservation Reserve contains a variety of representative forest, wetland and landform types. The site also contains a significant glaciofluvial ^{footnote 1[1]} outwash deposits (including a proglacial ^{footnote 2[2]} delta complex with associated relict shoreline bluffs and glaciofluvial scarp forms). These geological features contain information about glacial Lake Algonquin and may be invaluable to researchers looking into the history of glacial lake levels. The protection of these features is considered paramount and future management decisions that affect these values will require a thorough evaluation to ensure that the values remain protected.

The Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, Sudbury District, and Sudbury Area will be responsible for implementing the management policies and guidelines for MacLennan Esker Forest Conservation Reserve. Their primary role will be to provide public information and compliance monitoring to ensure adherence to current policies and guidelines.

2.0 Goal and objectives of the SCI

2.1 Goal

The goal of this SCI is to provide the framework and the direction to guide management decisions affecting MacLennan Esker Forest Conservation Reserve while protecting natural heritage values and permitting land use.

2.2 Objectives

The following objectives are identified as the means to achieve the above stated goal:

2.2.1 Short term objectives

• To describe the site’s current state of the resource in terms of its values and existing uses and activities
• To outline the Ministry of Natural Resources' management intent for the protected area
• To determine the land use compatibility of current land uses, and to develop specific guidelines and prescriptions to manage these uses
• To provide direction for the evaluation of proposed new uses or economic ventures through the application of the Test of Compatibility (Appendix D) and applicable Environmental Assessment Act (e.g., the Class Environmental Assessment (EA) for Provincial Parks and Conservation Reserves) legislation

2.2.2 Long term objectives

• To maintain the conservation reserve in as natural state as possible
• To identify research and/or monitoring strategies that may contribute to sound long-term management of the conservation reserve
• To create public awareness of the values within this conservation reserve by providing information on the resources it contains and protects, and to support responsible stewardship through partnerships with local stakeholders

3.0 Management planning

3.1 Provincial context

Ontario’s network of protected areas has been established to conserve representative areas of the province’s natural diversity (which includes species, habitats, landforms, and ecological systems). Protected natural heritage areas are a key component in the sustainable management of natural resources, ensuring that representative sites within the larger managed landscape are retained in as natural a state as possible.

On July 16, 1999, the Ontario’s Living Legacy Land Use Strategy (LUS) (OMNR 1999) was released to guide the planning and management of much of Ontario’s Crown lands. Extensive consultation was conducted during the development of the LUS. The objectives of the LUS were to complete Ontario’s system of parks and protected areas; recognize the land use needs of the resource-based tourism industry; provide forestry, mining and other resource industries with greater certainty around land and resource use; and, enhance hunting, angling and other Crown land recreational opportunities.

These areas are considered to have significant features and values or are representative of major landforms and vegetation types. As such, they require protection from incompatible activities in order for their values to endure over time. The MacLennan Esker Forest Conservation Reserve was created during this expansion and now forms part of Ontario’s network of natural heritage areas. The site protects a variety of forest types, an extensive wetland area, and glaciofluvial outwash deposits (including a significant proglacial delta complex with associated relict shoreline bluffs and glaciofluvial scarp forms).

The Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources has established conservation reserves as a tool to protect natural heritage values on Crown lands, while permitting most traditional Crown land uses to continue. These uses include recreational activities, such as hunting and fishing. Lands designated as conservation reserves in the LUS (OMNR 1999) are removed from the Sustainable Forest License area and mining and surface rights are withdrawn from staking under the Mining Act (RSO 1990 Chapter M.14).

The CLUPA, available on the internet at www.ontario.ca/page/crown-land-use-policy-atlas, is a consolidation of existing Crown land use policies and is now the official source for guidance on the management of Crown land and protected areas.

3.2 Planning for a conservation reserve

The planning process for a conservation reserve consists of regulating the site and preparing a site-specific management plan. Consultation with the public, aboriginal communities and industry occur during site identification, boundary finalization, and management planning. Regulation of a conservation reserve involves the preparation of a legal description of site boundaries, the removal of the site from the Sustainable Forest Licence area, and the withdrawal of the site from staking under the Mining Act (RSO 1990 Chapter M.14). Once a conservation reserve is regulated, the level of management planning required to fulfill the protection targets is determined, and a basic Statement of Conservation Interest (SCI), enhanced SCI or a Resource Management Plan (RMP) is prepared.

A basic SCI is prepared when there is no deviation from the land use direction provided in the LUS (OMNR 1999) and there are few to no issues that require resolution. Alternatively, a RMP is prepared in situations where one or more complex issues have to be addressed, and/or where there is widespread public interest in a site. An enhanced SCI is an intermediary document which is used when a site requires more detailed management direction than would be provided by a basic SCI, but does not have issues significant enough to warrant the preparation of a RMP. Whichever the determination, the plan must be completed within three years of the conservation reserve’s regulation date. The guidelines for the preparation of these documents are provided in Procedural Guidelines A – Resource Management Planning (OMNR 1997) and the Northeastern Region Guidelines on the Planning Process for Conservation Reserves: Statement of Conservation Interest and Resource Management Plan (Thompson 2001).

A SCI is a management plan guided by the policy direction contained in the CLUPA (see Appendix C). The purpose of a SCI is to identify the state of the resource in terms of the site’s values and its current land use activities, and to outline the Ministry of Natural Resources' management intent for the conservation reserve. Basic SCI's typically have a 30-day public consultation period, whereas enhanced SCI's and RMP's have a longer consultation period. Upon completion of this public review, the SCI or RMP is revised as necessary and approved by the Regional Director, MNR Northeast Region.

Existing permitted uses within conservation reserves may continue, unless they are shown to have a significant negative impact on the values protected by the site. A review/evaluation mechanism is in place to address new permitted uses or land use proposals. The Test of Compatibility (Appendix D), as outlined in the Conservation Reserves Policy PL 3.03.05 (OMNR 1997a) and Environmental Assessment Act legislation will be used to screen proposals. Once approved, the Class Environmental Assessment for Provincial Parks and Conservation Reserves (OMNR 2003b) will be used to screen most project proposals and management activities occurring within the conservation reserve.

Where cultural resources may be impacted, proposals may be screened through Conserving a Future for our Past: Archaeology, Land Use Planning & Development in Ontario, Section 3 (MCzCR 1997).

Public comment may be solicited during a review of any future land use proposals that require new decisions to be made. Appropriate Environmental Assessment Act (R.S.O. 1990, c.E.18) requirements and amendment processes (e.g., Environmental Bill of Rights posting, CLUPA amendment) will apply to any future proposal and/or any significant change in management direction being considered for a site.

3.3 Planning process for MacLennan Esker Forest Conservation Reserve

3.3.1 Boundary refinement and regulation

The MacLennan Esker Forest Conservation Reserve was proposed as a conservation reserve in the LUS (OMNR 1999). A letter, fact sheet and proposed boundary map were mailed to stakeholders and to interested members of the public during the boundary consultation process. Consultation occurred with the general public, aboriginal communities, and industry, and the boundary of the site was regulated through an amendment to Ontario Regulation 805/94 of the Public Lands Act on November 22, 2002, by Ontario Regulation 313/02. The official Ontario Gazette amendment is available on the internet at http://www.ontariogazette.gov.on.ca/ in volume 135, issue 49 on December 7, 2002.

3.3.2 Planning area

The planning area for this SCI consists of the regulated boundary for MacLennan Esker Forest Conservation Reserve and the MacLennan Esker Forest Reserve (see Figure 1). However, to fully protect values within the conservation reserve, the area beyond the regulated boundary may require additional consideration through landowner outreach programs when adjacent land uses pose potential negative impacts on the conservation reserve. Crown land areas beyond the regulated boundary may also require additional consideration when larger land use planning initiatives, such as forest management planning, pose potential negative impacts on the site. Section 5.7- Ecological Considerations and section 7.1- Additions to the Reserve discuss management implications with areas outside the regulated boundary.

3.3.3 Consultation and significant land use issues

To date, no significant issues related to land use in this area have been identified. For this reason, it was determined that a basic SCI will adequately identify the site’s significant features and serve as the appropriate format for providing management direction. It should be noted that this document addresses only those issues or land use proposals currently known to the Ministry of Natural Resources, Sudbury District. The direction provided by this SCI, and future management decisions, will work to resolve any potential land use conflicts and ensure that identified values continue to be adequately protected.

This SCI has been created with input from program specialists at the area, district, regional and provincial levels of the Ministry of Natural Resources. Public, aboriginal communities and industry were also provided an opportunity to comment on a draft of this SCI. A public consultation period took place October 13^th, 2004 to November 13^th, 2004. Notification of this review period occurred via an information package mailed to affected stakeholders and an advertisement that appeared in local newspapers. Comments received during this period were considered in the refinement of this document. Upon approval of this SCI, public notification will occur via mail-out to interested stakeholders and a notice will appear in the same newspapers.

4.0 Background information

4.1 Location and site description

MacLennan Esker Forest Conservation Reserve is located within the municipality of the City of Greater Sudbury and is approximately 4 kilometres east of the Sudbury airport and 3 kilometres south of Lake Wahnapitae. The 368-hectare conservation reserve is situated approximately 7.5 kilometres east of the Garson Forest Conservation Reserve (C177) and about 10 kilometres southwest of Chiniguchi Provincial Park (P174). Figure 1 illustrates the general location of the MacLennan Esker Forest Conservation Reserve.

Figure 1: Site location for MacLennan Esker Forest Conservation Reserve.

Enlarge Figure 1: Site location map

Whenever possible, recognizable natural and cultural features, such as creeks, shorelines or old roads have been used to delineate conservation reserve boundaries to facilitate on-the-ground identification. Patent land lies adjacent to the entire western side of the conservation reserve. Mining claims lie adjacent to the southern, northern and eastern boundaries of the reserve. Except for the northern boundary, which follows an old CNR rail line, all boundaries are vectored and do not follow natural features.

The northern portion of the MacLennan Esker Forest Conservation Reserve can be easily accessed via an old CNR rail line or via a recreational trail (a prescribed snowmobile trail in winter). To access the site, follow Regional Road 86 toward the Town of Skead. Turn right on Old Station Road. Shortly thereafter this road will intersect the old CNR rail line, which will lead to the north end of the conservation reserve.

MacLennan Esker Forest Conservation Reserve is located within Sudbury Ecodistrict ^{footnote 3[3]} 5E-4 (Hills 1959), an ecological unit which incorporates most of the area comprising the City of Greater Sudbury and the area southwest along the highway 17 corridor. The conservation reserve contains a variety of forest types and an extensive wetland system (see figure 2). It also contains significant glaciofluvial outwash deposits, including relict shoreline bluffs and glaciofluvial scarp forms. Section 5.2 (Natural Heritage Values) further discusses the life science and earth science values of the conservation reserve and Section 5.3 (Quality of the Resource) discusses the current state of these values.

Figure 2: Aerial view of MacLennan Esker Forest Conservation Reserve showing an extensive creek and wetland system surrounded by white birch and red oak stands and a black spruce conifer swamp. Photograph by B. Burkhardt, August 2003.

4.2 Site history

Much of the area surrounding Sudbury (including the area within which the MacLennan Esker Forest Conservation Reserve is located) has been influenced by logging and mining operations, which began to occur with railroad construction in the 1880s and mining and logging in the early 1900s. Smelting emissions changed the chemical composition of soil and water, causing vegetation to die and exposing massive tracts of land to erosion. To mitigate these impacts, local mining companies applied lime and fertilizers to damaged areas in the late 1970s and early 1980s. Grass, legume and trees were also planted during this reclamation process (Burkhardt et. al. 2004). There are local reports of old logging roads and traces of old cabins within the conservation reserve. Records indicate that MacLennan Township and neighbouring Falconbridge Township were harvested starting in 1901-1902 and again in the mid-1930s. Victoria Harbour Lumber Company and Holland & Emery Lumber Company began harvesting in these areas at the start of the 20^th century and Matti Kolario carried out harvest activities in the 1930s. White pine and red pine comprised the majority of the wood volume harvested, with jack pine, spruce and poplar being harvested in lesser quantities (Thorpe 1950).

4.3 Socio-economic interest

The MacLennan Esker Forest Conservation Reserve is located within the municipality of the City of Greater Sudbury and the northern portion of the site is easily accessible (see Section 4.1). The site is potentially important to local residents (especially within the nearby Towns of Skead, Garson, Hanmer and Capreol) for both recreational and commercial purposes. Blueberry picking, hunting and snowmobiling are known to occur within the conservation reserve. An active Bear Management Area and trapline encompass the site and hunting and trapping are long-standing traditional activities in this area and are a vital part of the local economy. A recreational trail (a prescribed snowmobile trail in the winter) runs through the northern section of the conservation reserve, providing recreational and tourism opportunities.

The designation of this area as a conservation reserve allows for the permanent protection of the province’s natural heritage values. In particular, this site protects significant glaciofluvial outwash deposits (including relict shoreline bluffs and glaciofluvial scarp forms). These features contain information about glacial Lake Algonquin and will be invaluable to researchers looking into the history of glacial lake levels.

The conservation reserve lies within the Robinson-Huron Treaty Area #9. Protection of this area ensures that activities traditionally carried out by First Nation communities in this Treaty Area will be able to continue. The protection of this area as a conservation reserve and this Statement of Conservation Interest are not meant to infringe on Treaty and Aboriginal Rights.

4.4 Inventories

Table 2 indicates the current status of natural heritage inventories that have occurred for MacLennan Esker Forest Conservation Reserve. Recommendations for future inventory needs are located in Table 3, subsection 7.2- Future Needs and Considerations.

Table 2: Inventory and survey information for MacLennan Esker Forest Conservation Reserve.

5.0 State of the Resource

Descriptions in this section are not necessarily complete. If new values key or otherwise are identified, they will be added to this document as an amendment. If any new value is considered significant, management guidelines may be modified, if required, to ensure its protection.

5.1 Key values

Key values are values that make this site unique and have led to its designation as a conservation reserve. Their protection is paramount. The key values of the MacLennan Esker Forest Conservation Reserve include the following:

• Regionally (and perhaps provincially) significant glaciofluvial outwash deposits (relict shoreline bluffs and relict glaciofluvial scarp forms)
• A diversity of forested and wetland areas providing excellent habitat for a variety of wildlife species

Additional values, listed in subsection 5.2- Natural Heritage Values, are also important features and activities identified within the site.

5.2 Natural heritage values

5.2.1 Earth science values

5.2.1a Regional Landforms

MacLennan Esker Forest Conservation Reserve is found within Sudbury Ecodistrict 5E-4 (Noble 1993) of Ecoregion 5E (Georgian Bay) (Hills 1959; Crins & Uhlig 2000). The ecodistrict is characterized mainly by bedrock outcrops shallowly covered by stony sand and stone-free silt. Pockets of water-laid silt/sand and sand/gravel plains are also present in this ecodistrict. The ecoregion contains both lowland areas of water-laid materials broken by bedrock outcrops and upland areas of bedrock overlain with material of varying depth (Burkhardt et. al. 2004).

5.2.1b Surficial geology

Bedrock-drift complex, glaciofluvial outwash deposits and organic deposits immediately underlie the conservation reserve. The extensive glaciofluvial outwash deposits are morphologically classified as 1) a proglacial delta complex with associated relict shoreline bluffs and glaciofluvial scarp forms, and 2) areas of glaciofluvial outwash plain exhibiting a well-developed braided river pattern (Kristjansson 2004).

The proglacial delta complex is considered regionally (perhaps even provincially) significant since it contains information about glacial Lake Algonquin water levels at the time of delta complex formation. The relict shoreline bluffs are also important as they represent former glacial lake levels (Kristjansson 2004).

Contrary to the site’s name, no esker formation is present within the boundaries of the conservation reserve. However, a kame/esker/kettle complex does exist to the east and southeast of the conservation reserve, near the Sudbury Airport (T. Lehman, pers. comm. 2004).

5.2.1c Bedrock geology

Bedrock geology of the MacLennan Esker Forest Conservation Reserve consists of undifferentiated sedimentary rocks of the Huronian Supergroup, Southern Province, Precambrian Shield (Kristjansson 2004).

5.2.2 Life science values

5.2.2a Regional ecology

The conservation reserve is found in ecoregion 5E (Georgian Bay) (Hills 1959; Crins & Uhlig 2000). Vegetation in this region typically consists of sugar maple (Acer saccharum), yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis), eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis), and white pine (Pinus strobus) on fresh sites; white spruce (Picea glauca) and balsam fir (Abies balsamea) on fresh clays and cooler valleys mixed with hardwoods at higher altitudes; and black spruce (Picea mariana) and tamarack (Larix laricina) in cold wet areas. Forest climate for this area is mid-humid, warm-boreal. The area is also located in section L.4e (Sudbury-North Bay) of Rowe’s (1972) Great Lakes – St. Lawrence Forest Region. Extensive disturbance (i.e., forest cutting, forest fires and nickel smelting fumes) has occurred in section L.4e, resulting in the destruction and/or reduction of many naturally occurring species. Presently, the predominate tree cover is of pioneer species such as trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides) and white birch (Betula papyrifera). Jack pine (Pinus banksiana) frequently occurs on sandy flats and other coarse textured soils. Regional characteristic species such as white pine, sugar maple, yellow birch, red pine (Pinus resinosa), balsam fir and black spruce have only a scattered occurrence. Many of the landforms (water modified tills and lacustrine deposits) and vegetation types in this section were influenced by post-glacial Lake Nipissing and Lake Algonquin.

5.2.2b Vegetation and forest communities

A review of the Forest Resource Inventory by T. Lehman, Sudbury District Planning Forester, indicates that the conservation reserve is dominated by three forest working groups: pure white birch and white birch dominated mixedwoods (28.2%), poplar dominated mixedwoods (12.7%), and jack pine dominated mixedwoods (10.3%). The white birch stands occupy the north, east and southern portions of the site and range in age from 15 to 60 years. The youngest stands have a very low stocking and are classified as barren and scattered, they occupy southern and northeastern areas adjacent to the wetlands. The white birch mixedwoods contain mixtures of poplar, balsam fir, jack pine, and scattered soft maple, black spruce, and red oak.

The poplar mixedwoods range in age from 15 to 45 years, and have moderate stocking ranging from 40% to 70% with one young barren and scattered stand. In mixture with the poplar are white birch, jack pine, red oak and red pine. The jack pine mixedwood stands are of poor to moderate stocking ranging from 30% to 50% and range in age from 27 to 45 years old. Mixed with the jack pine are white birch, poplar and scattered red oak and white spruce. The poplar stands occupy the western areas and the jack pine the northwestern areas of the site.

A black spruce stand located in the centre and central-western area of the conservation reserve is slightly over 60 years of age. The southcentral portion of the reserve has an area of exposed bedrock surrounded mainly be red oak (Quercus rubra) predominant hardwood stands. Based on old-growth definitions developed by Uhlig et. al. (2001), no old-growth candidate stands exist within the conservation reserve. The stands in the conservation reserve are typical of the forest conditions in the highly disturbed landscape of the Sudbury Basin.

5.2.2c Fish and wildlife

No fisheries values have been identified in the creeks that run through the conservation reserve. The numerous wetland areas within the site (see section 5.2.2d) likely provide habitat and food resources for a variety of avian species. Moose (Alces alces) were observed in the wetland areas during the aerial reconnaissance survey. Beaver (Castor canadensis) have also been documented within the area, with many of the marsh areas having been created due to beaver activity on the creeks (Burkhardt et. al. 2004). Local recreational users of the site report that moose, black bear (Ursus americanus) and ruffed grouse (Bonasa umbellus) are commonly found in the conservation reserve. The site also likely provides habitat for a variety of forbearing mammals (e.g., mink, Mustela vision).

5.2.2d Wetlands and watersheds

Approximately one third of the conservation reserve is composed of wetland area. Beaver activity on the creeks has created wetland complexes of alternating open water marsh and meadow marsh. Vegetation in these areas includes grasses and sedges, pondweed (Potamogeton species), dead conifer trees, cattails (Typha species), and herbaceous plants such as spotted joe-pye-weed (Eupatorium maculatum) (Burkhardt et. al. 2004). The conifer swamp and treed fen complex located in the northern end of the conservation reserve consists of black spruce, tamarack and a variety of tall shrubs and herbs (Burkhardt et. al. 2004). There is also thicket swamp and a conifer mixed swamp with black spruce, tamarack and cedar (Thuja occidentalis).

The conservation reserve is located in the tertiary watershed 2DB of the Lake Huron major basin. Creeks within the site eventually flow into the Wahnapitae River (Burkhardt 2004).

5.2.2e Species at Risk

No Species at Risk have been identified or documented within the conservation reserve.

5.2.3 Recreational Values

The conservation reserve is located close to populated areas in the City of Greater Sudbury and the northern end of the site can be easily accessed via an old CNR rail line. The site is encompassed by one bear management area, one trapline and one baitfish block. Recreational activities occurring within the conservation reserve include: snowmobiling, ATV use, blueberry picking, and hunting (Zeran 2004). The site provides excellent habitat for both large and small mammal game including black bear and moose. The extent to which trapping and baitfish harvesting occur within the conservation reserve in unknown. A recreational trail passes through the northern portion of the conservation reserve. In the winter months, this trail is a prescribed snowmobile trail and is used by the Coniston/Wahnapitae Driftbusters Association Trail #81, Sudbury Trail Plan Association, and Ontario Federation of Snowmobile Clubs. Evidence of Crown Land camping has been observed adjacent to the northern boundary of the site.

5.2.4 Cultural values

The conservation reserve is located within the Robinson/Huron Treaty Area #9. Several First Nations have identified numerous recreational and cultural activities that occur throughout this Treaty area, including areas designated as conservation reserves (such as the MacLennan Esker Forest).

The area contained within the conservation reserve has been traditionally used for hunting and trapping. Intensive forest harvest activities are known to have occurred throughout the area during the mid-nineteenth century and traces of old logging roads and cabins have been reported within the conservation reserve. See section 4.2 – Site History for a more detailed discussion on historical occurrences within the conservation reserve.

5.2.5 Research values

No known research activities have occurred within the boundary of MacLennan Esker Forest Conservation Reserve. However, the site has been identified as being of potential value to researchers studying the lake levels of glacial Lake Algonquin (Kristjansson 2004).

5.3 Quality of the Resource

5.3.1 Site condition

The level of disturbance ^{footnote 4[4]} in the conservation reserve is considered high (Burkhardt et. al. 2004). Since the late nineteenth century, the entire area has been impacted by human operations (i.e., logging, prospecting and smelting emissions). The smelting emissions in particular have drastically altered environmental conditions, causing soil and water to accumulate metals (nickel and sulphur) and become too acidic for many species of vegetation (Burkhardt et. al. 2004). Unable to survive in the new habitat conditions, most vegetation died, leaving the land exposed to soil erosion and a further loss of nutrients. In the early 1980s, lime and fertilizers were applied to the areas and grass, legume and trees were planted in an attempt to mitigate the negative effects that industry has had on the area (Burkhardt et. al. 2004). A recreational trail (a prescribed snowmobile trail in winter) also runs through the northern portion of the conservation reserve and a small jack pine plantation exists in the northern end of the site. Natural disturbance is limited to the beaver activity that has occurred on creek systems within the conservation reserve (Burkhardt et. al. 2004).

5.3.2 Diversity

Diversity ^{footnote 5[5]} is a measure of the site’s life and earth science heterogeneity. The diversity of the site has been initially rated as medium (Burkhardt et. al. 2004). Eight different habitat (vegetation) units on three different landform units have been identified (Burkhardt et. al. 2004). The various wetland communities on organic deposits account for another six landform: vegetation (L:V) combinations. This rating will need to be revisited in the future since at this time differing map projections may have resulted in minor misinterpretation of vegetation and landform layers.

5.3.3 Ecological considerations

The area protected by the conservation reserve is very small and the site falls far short of the 2000 ha minimum size standard that Ontario Parks has established for protecting representative natural areas (Burkhardt et. al. 2004). All boundaries of the conservation reserve are vectored and do not follow natural features such as streams. Mining claims and patent land surround the conservation reserve, making it unlikely that adjacent areas could be included within the conservation to act as buffers to the core area being protected.

As discussed in Section 5.3.1, the entire area protected by the conservation reserve has been impacted by human operations (i.e., logging, prospecting and smelting emissions).

The area is easily accessible to human traffic at the northern end of the conservation reserve (via an old CNR rail line and a recreational trail). Low impact recreational use (e.g., hunting, Crown Land camping, blueberry picking) is not expected to greatly influence the various significant glacial features of the conservation reserve. However, the accessibility of the site may entice motorized recreational users (i.e., ATV users) which could potentially have a negative impact on significant and sensitive features protected by the conservation reserve, including relict shoreline bluffs, relict glaciofluvial scarp forms and wetland vegetation.

A forest reserve (F178) exists in the northeastern corner of the conservation reserve. The intention is that this forest reserve will be added to the conservation reserve once the mining claim has lapsed through normal processes (OMNR 1999).

6.0 Management guidelines

All management guidelines in this SCI are based on the policy direction contained in the Crown Land Use Policy Atlas (CLUPA). For the most up-to-date version of this policy report, please refer to the CLUPA on the internet at www.ontario.ca/page/crown-land-use-policy-atlas or contact your local Ministry of Natural Resources office. A summary table of the management guidelines, outlining permitted uses within the site, is located in Appendix C.

The management guidelines outlined in this section are specific to the MacLennan Esker Forest Conservation Reserve and are intended to protect the site’s unique values. The guidelines in this document are subject to change and may be amended as necessary. If a conflict between management guidelines exists, the conservation reserve will be managed to protect the integrity of its natural values, while permitting compatible land use activities (OMNR 1997).

Proposed new uses and/or development, including research and education activities, will be reviewed on a case-by-case basis. All new proposals will be subject to evaluation under at least one of the following processes: the Test of Compatibility (Appendix D); the Environmental Assessment Act (R.S.O. 1990, c.E.18); and Conserving a Future for our Past: Archaeology, Land Use Planning & Development in Ontario, Section 3 (MCzCR 1997). Once approved, the Class Environmental Assessment for Provincial Parks and Conservation Reserves (OMNR 2003a) will be used to screen most proposals and management activities occurring within the conservation reserve.

6.1 First Nations

Traditional activities and Aboriginal rights, as defined in the Robinson-Huron Treaty #9 and other applicable legislation, will not be affected by the boundaries of this conservation reserve.

Any First Nation land claims within this area will be addressed according to appropriate Ministry of Natural Resources' procedures. When possible, the Ministry of Natural Resources will work with the Ontario Ministry of Culture to identify archaeological and/or cultural sites to be protected.

6.2 Industrial activities

6.2.1 Commercial timber harvest

The area contained within this conservation reserve (368 ha) has been withdrawn from the Sudbury Forest Sustainable Forest License area and no commercial timber harvesting will be permitted. Please refer to subsection 6.5.3- Non-Commercial Consumptive Resource Use for information regarding non-commercial wood harvesting.

6.2.2 Mining and exploration

There are no existing mining claims or leases within the area regulated as the MacLennan Esker Forest Conservation Reserve. Mining and surface rights within the conservation reserve’s boundaries have been withdrawn from staking under the Mining Act (RSO 1990 c.M.14). Mineral exploration is not permitted.

A forest reserve (F178) exists in the northeastern corner of the conservation reserve. The intention is that this forest reserve will be added to the conservation reserve once the mining claim has lapsed through normal processes (OMNR 1999).

Numerous mining claims lie adjacent to the conservation reserve.

6.2.3 Extraction of peat, soil, aggregate and other material

No extraction operations currently occur within the conservation reserve. No new activities for the extraction of peat, soil, aggregate or other material will be permitted within the conservation reserve.

6.2.4 Energy generation

No energy generation facilities exist within the conservation reserve. New hydropower development and windpower generation operations are not permitted.

6.3 Existing and proposed development

6.3.1 Transportation corridors

6.3.1a Roads

Under the Public Lands Act, section 48 (OMNR 2003a), a road is defined as "a travel corridor that is reasonably capable of allowing travel by motor vehicles licensed to operate on a King’s Highway as defined in the Highway Traffic Act (e.g., personal or commercial cars and trucks)."

Minor maintenance (as defined under Policy PL 3.03.04 [OMNR 2003b]) of existing roads will be permitted provided that maintenance activities do not negatively impact the values being protected by the conservation reserve. Road maintenance activities may be subject to a Test of Compatibility (Appendix D) thru the Environmental Assessment Act.

No private roads exist within site. New access roads proposed after March 29, 1999 and, for which MNR did not make a commitment, will not be permitted within the conservation reserve.

According to the LUS (OMNR 1999), new roads for resource extraction will not be permitted except for those identified in Forest Management Plans prior to March 31, 1999. No new or existing roads for resource extraction were identified within the conservation reserve prior to this date.

6.3.1b Trails

Under Ontario Regulation 453/96 (OMNR 2003a), a trail is defined as "a path over public lands not used for mineral exploration or extraction." A trail is minor in nature compared to a road, allowing passage of pedestrians, ATVs, snowmobiles or the like (OMNR 2003b).

A recreational trail passes through the northern portion of the conservation reserve. In the winter months, this trail is a prescribed snowmobile trail and is used by the Coniston/Wahnapitae Driftbusters Association Trail #81, Sudbury Trail Plan Association, Ontario Federation of Snowmobile Clubs.

Minor maintenance (as defined under Policy PL 3.03.04 [OMNR 2003b]) of existing trails will be permitted provided that maintenance activities do not negatively impact the values being protected by the conservation reserve. Trail maintenance may be subject to a Test of Compatibility (Appendix D) thru the Environmental Assessment Act.

Any proposed new trails or development of existing trails are subject to the Test of Compatibility (Appendix D) and applicable Ministry of Natural Resources' policies and procedures. Trail development should take into account the unique characteristics of this site and must be compatible with the site’s key values. All existing and new trailheads and trail routes must be recorded using new technologies (i.e. global positioning systems) to ensure an accurate record of the location of the feature. This location information must be provided to the Ministry of Natural Resources, Sudbury District.

6.3.2 Other corridor development/maintenance

No communications or energy transmission corridors are present within the conservation reserve. New corridor developments will be actively discouraged. Proposals for new corridors will be subject to screening under the Environmental Assessment Act (e.g., the Class Environmental Assessment (EA) for Provincial Parks and Conservation Reserves).

6.3.3 Natural heritage appreciation facilities/recreational structures

There are currently no existing authorized natural heritage appreciation facilities or recreational structures (i.e. boardwalks, bird viewing platforms, kiosks, ski shelters, or interpretative signs) located within the conservation reserve. New public natural heritage appreciation facilities and recreation structures are permitted, subject to the Test of Compatibility (Appendix D) and to screening under the Environmental Assessment Act (e.g., the Class Environmental Assessment (EA) for Provincial Parks and Conservation Reserves).

Facility development should take into account the unique characteristics of this site and must be compatible with the site’s key values.

6.3.4 Land disposition

Sale of land is not permitted, except for some types of minor dispositions (e.g., the sale of small parcels of land to provide adequate area for the installation of a septic system), where it does not detrimentally affect the key values of the site. Such sales will be screened under the Test of Compatibility (Appendix D) or the Environmental Assessment Act (e.g., the Class Environmental Assessment (EA) for Provincial Parks and Conservation Reserves). Boundaries of the conservation reserve would need to be amended through a de-regulation process to reflect the sale of land.

Existing leases or LUP's may be renewed or transferred subject to MNR approval. Private recreation camps may be eligible for enhanced tenure but may not be sold. Permit holders for outpost camps or tourism facilities (e.g., main base lodges) can apply to upgrade tenure from a LUP to a lease.

No Land Use Permits (LUP's) are currently issued within this conservation reserve. New leases or LUP's may be issued for approved public uses (i.e. not for private recreation camps), subject to the Test of Compatibility (Appendix D) and applicable Ministry of Natural Resources' policies and procedures.

6.4 Commercial activities

6.4.1 Commercial bait harvesting

One commercial baitfish harvest block (SUD0027) is associated with the conservation reserve. New operations may be considered subject to the Test of Compatibility (Appendix D) and to screening under the Environmental Assessment Act (e.g., the Class Environmental Assessment (EA) for Provincial Parks and Conservation Reserves).

Any proposed new trails for baitfish harvesting purposes are subject to the Test of Compatibility (Appendix D) and to screening under the Environmental Assessment Act (e.g., the Class Environmental Assessment (EA) for Provincial Parks and Conservation Reserves). Please refer to subsection 6.3.1 – Trails for further information on the establishment and maintenance of new trails and subsection 6.5.5 – ATV and Snowmobile Use for further information on their usage.

6.4.2 Commercial fishing

There are currently no commercial fisheries operating within the conservation reserve. New operations may be considered subject to the Test of Compatibility (Appendix D) and to screening under the Environmental Assessment Act (e.g., the Class Environmental Assessment (EA) for Provincial Parks and Conservation Reserves). Please refer to subsection 6.5.5 – ATV and Snowmobile Use for further information on their usage.

6.4.3 Commercial fur trapping

Registered Trapline SU11-1261-01 encompasses the boundary of this conservation reserve. This registered trapline area is currently allocated to a head trapper. If a head trapper surrenders a registered trapline, or the head trapper’s privileges are revoked, the registered trapline may be transferred to another trapper following established allocation procedures. If the registered trapline is not transferred in due course, or remains unallocated for a significant period of time, reallocation of the trapline may occur following applicable district screening processes.

Any proposed new trails for the purposes of commercial fur trapping are subject to the Test of Compatibility (Appendix D) and to screening under the Environmental Assessment Act (e.g., the Class Environmental Assessment (EA) for Provincial Parks and Conservation Reserves). Please refer to subsection 6.3.1b – Trails for further information on the establishment and maintenance of new trails and subsection 6.5.5 – ATV and Snowmobile Use for further information on their usage.

No licensed trap cabins currently exist within MacLennan Esker Forest Conservation Reserve. The establishment of new trap cabins will not be permitted.

6.4.4 Bear Management Areas

One Bear Management Area (BMA), SU-41-014, is associated with this conservation reserve.

The policies regarding BMA's (OMNR 2003a) states that the issuance of Licences to Provide Bear Hunting Services will be allowed where areas have been licensed or authorized under agreement for the activity since January 1, 1992.

Any proposed new trails for the purposes of bear hunting are subject to the Test of Compatibility (Appendix D) and to screening under the Environmental Assessment Act (e.g., the Class Environmental Assessment (EA) for Provincial Parks and Conservation Reserves). Please refer to subsection 6.3.1b – Trails for further information on the establishment and maintenance of new trails and subsection 6.5.5 – ATV and Snowmobile Use for further information on their usage.

6.4.5 Commercial food collection

There is currently no existing commercial food-harvesting venture within the conservation reserve. Any new ventures requiring permits from the Ministry of Natural Resources will be subject to the Test of Compatibility (Appendix D) and to screening under the Environmental Assessment Act (e.g., the Class Environmental Assessment (EA) for Provincial Parks and Conservation Reserves).

6.4.6 Commercial non-timber forest products

Currently, there is no explicit policy direction towards the commercial harvesting of non-timber forest products. New ventures may be considered subject to the Test of Compatibility (Appendix D) and to screening under the Environmental Assessment Act (e.g., the Class Environmental Assessment (EA) for Provincial Parks and Conservation Reserves). Such ventures should be discouraged within the conservation reserve wherever possible, as they do not necessarily coincide with the intent of protecting the area as a conservation reserve.

6.4.7 Outpost camps/main base lodges

There are currently no existing authorized outpost camps or main base lodges within the conservation reserve. New outpost camps and main base lodges may be considered through planning and will be subject to the Test of Compatibility (Appendix D) and to screening under the Environmental Assessment Act (e.g., the Class Environmental Assessment (EA) for Provincial Parks and Conservation Reserves).The form of land tenure for these new uses will remain as a land use permit or lease. Sale of Crown land for new outpost camps or main base lodges will not be permitted.

6.5 Non-commercial activities

6.5.1 Nature appreciation/low-impact recreation activities

Off-trail hiking, cross-country skiing, snowshoeing, and other non-motorized activities will be permitted within this conservation reserve. However, should the impact of these activities degrade the landscape, the Ministry of Natural Resources will re-evaluate these permitted uses and decide upon a new strategy for this site. New trails to support these activities may be considered. Please refer to subsection 6.3.1b - Trails for more details related to trail development.

6.5.2 Camping

There are no maintained campsites or campgrounds within this conservation reserve. Crown land camping policies apply, unless significant adverse effects on protected values necessitate further planning and management for this activity. Existing traditional campsites should be used in order to avoid disturbance of new areas within the conservation reserve.

6.5.3 Non-commercial consumptive resource use

Cutting of trees for non-commercial purposes may be authorized by the local Ministry of Natural Resources, subject to review and determination of the impact that such cutting would have on the values identified in section 5.0- State of the Resource. Such permits are intended only for leaseholders, Land Use Permit holders, cottagers and other property owners within the conservation reserve who do not have road access to their property and who do not have an alternate wood source outside of the conservation reserve. Property owners adjacent to the conservation reserve will not be issued permits for areas within the protected area. Such permits are intended to cover fuelwood, dock stringers, and other occasional small-scale uses.

No stakeholders eligible for non-commercial consumptive resource use permits currently exist within the MacLennan Esker Forest Conservation Reserve.

Non-commercial harvesting of non-timber forest products such as berries and mushrooms can occur provided the values of the site, identified in section 5.0- State of the Resource, are not jeopardized.

6.5.4 Hunting and fishing

In conjunction with current hunting regulations (Wildlife Management Unit 41), hunting is permitted to continue within the conservation reserve.

Recreational fishing is also permitted to continue in compliance with current fishing regulations.

Please refer to section 6.3.1b (Trails) for information on the construction of new trails or the maintenance of existing trails. Section 6.5.5 (ATV and Snowmobile Use) details the use of all-terrain vehicles and snowmobiles for hunting and trapping purposes.

6.5.5 ATV and snowmobile use

A recreational trail passes through the northern portion of the conservation reserve. In the winter months, this trail is a prescribed snowmobile trail and is used by the Coniston/Wahnapitae Driftbusters Association Trail #81, Sudbury Trail Plan Association, Ontario Federation of Snowmobile Clubs.

Please refer to section 6.3.1b (Trails) for more information on trails. In general, off-trail use of ATVs and snowmobiles is not permitted; however, in some cases, off-trail use is permitted for licensed trappers to access their traplines, for licensed bait harvest operators to conduct bait harvest operations and for use in bear management areas (BMA's). Hunters are also allowed off-trail ATV and snowmobile use for the direct retrieval of large game. In all these cases, any formal intensive off-trail use is discouraged. Should the impact of off-trail ATV and snowmobile use degrade the landscape; the Ministry of Natural Resources will re-evaluate these permitted uses and determine a new strategy.

6.6 Resource management activities

Resource management activities refer to those tools used to protect and enhance the values of this conservation reserve. Some management activities may require the use of intrusive techniques. Under normal circumstances, some of these techniques would not be permitted to occur in the conservation reserve; however, if they are found to be necessary, they may be applied under controlled conditions, to achieve a desired result. Infrastructure such as roads, trails and buildings may need to be constructed to support activities such as prescribed burns, forest regeneration, wildfire control, and insect and disease control. Activities described in this section will be deemed acceptable if the ultimate outcome complies with the management intent for this conservation reserve.

6.6.1 Insect and disease control

This conservation reserve will be maintained in as natural a state as possible. Insect and disease control measures should only be considered if the identified values of the conservation reserve or adjacent forest values on Crown Land are significantly threatened. If such measures are proposed, they will be subject to screening under the Environmental Assessment Act (e.g., the Class Environmental Assessment (EA) for Provincial Parks and Conservation Reserves).

6.6.2 Exotic and/or invasive species

The management intent of the conservation reserve is to maintain the site in as natural state as possible. The deliberate introduction of exotic and/or invasive species will not be permitted. If the key values of the site are threatened, new management strategies to control exotic/invasive species may be considered and will be subject to screening under the Environmental Assessment Act (e.g., the Class Environmental Assessment (EA) for Provincial Parks and Conservation Reserves).

6.6.3 Species at risk management

Any species identified within the conservation reserve that is considered to be either endangered or threatened (as designated by either the national Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada, COSEWIC, or the Committee on the Status of Species at Risk in Ontario, COSSARO) will be given protection under the Fish and Wildlife Conservation Act (1997, S.O. 1997, c.41), the Endangered Species Act (R.S.O. 1990, c.E15) and/or the federal Species at Risk Act (June 2003). Recovery plans, consisting of both a recovery strategy and a recovery action plan, prepared for nationally endangered and threatened species under the Accord for the Protection of Species at Risk will be implemented within the conservation reserve if deemed necessary by the Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and/or the Government of Canada.

6.6.4 Fish and wildlife management

New fish and wildlife management activities (e.g., fish stocking, habitat enhancement/ rehabilitation, population control) may be considered but will be subject to screening under the Environmental Assessment Act (e.g., the Class Environmental Assessment (EA) for Provincial Parks and Conservation Reserves). Existing previously approved fish and wildlife management activities will be permitted to continue but may be subject to screening under the Test of Compatibility (Appendix D) thru the Environmental Assessment Act.

6.6.5 Vegetation management

New vegetation management activities (e.g., the restoration of natural environments) may be considered but will be subject to screening under the Environmental Assessment Act (e.g., the Class Environmental Assessment (EA) for Provincial Parks and Conservation Reserves). Such activities may also require the development of a separate vegetation management plan. Specific management prescriptions, as outlined by the new management plan, must be either referenced within this SCI or attached as an amendment to this document.

6.6.6 Fire management

The Ministry of Natural Resources recognizes fire as an essential process fundamental to the ecological integrity of conservation reserves. In accordance with existing conservation reserve policy and the Forest Fire Management Strategy for Ontario, forest fire protection will be carried out as on surrounding lands.

Whenever feasible, the Ministry of Natural Resources' fire program will endeavour to use "light on the land" techniques, which do not unduly disturb the landscape, in this conservation reserve. Examples of light on the land techniques may include limiting the use of heavy equipment or limiting the number of trees felled during fire response efforts.

Opportunities for prescribed burning to achieve ecological or resource management objectives may be considered but will be subject to screening under the Environmental Assessment Act (e.g., the Class Environmental Assessment (EA) for Provincial Parks and Conservation Reserves). Such activities may also require the development of a separate vegetation management plan developed in accordance with the Ministry of Natural Resources Prescribed Burn Planning Manual (OMNR 1997b).

6.6.7 Forest renewal

Forest renewal is an activity associated with commercial timber harvest and with vegetation, restoration projects involving tree species. Such practices would only be considered if the area within the conservation reserve had been recently cut prior to becoming regulated or following approval of vegetation management activities as outlined in Section 6.6.5.

Forest loss within the conservation reserve due to wind (i.e., blowdown), fire or insect damage will not be considered for forest renewal – such areas will be left to regenerate naturally. Should unauthorized forest harvest occur within the boundaries of the conservation reserve, forest renewal will be considered.

Any possible renewal project will be reviewed using the Test of Compatibility (Appendix D) and the Environmental Assessment Act (e.g., the Class Environmental Assessment (EA) for Provincial Parks and Conservation Reserves) and would be carried out to replicate natural conditions as much as possible.

6.7 Research

Scientific research by qualified individuals or institutions is encouraged, especially if the research contributes to a better understanding of the natural and cultural values protected by this conservation reserve or if it advances the protection, planning and management of these values. The District Planner, Sudbury District should be contacted for information on research and/or monitoring opportunities within this conservation reserve. Proposals to conduct research should be directed to the Sudbury Area Supervisor, Sudbury District and will be subject to the Test of Compatibility (Appendix D) and relevant Ministry of Natural Resources' policies, procedures and conditions, as well as any applicable Environmental Assessment Act (R.S.O. 1990, Chapter E.18) requirements. Any site that is disturbed during research activities is to be rehabilitated as closely as possible to its original condition. Collecting may only be permitted as part of an authorized research project and may be subject to appropriate permits and conditions.

Existing research and monitoring activities currently occurring within the conservation reserve are permitted to continue, but may be subject to the Test of Compatibility (Appendix D) should detrimental impacts to the values protected by the conservation reserve be detected. No existing research activities have been identified within the MacLennan Esker Forest Conservation Reserve.

7.0 Recommendations

It is recognized that not all features or uses occurring within the MacLennan Esker Forest Conservation Reserve have been identified during the current planning process. This section outlines future activities, which might be conducted to ensure that features of the site are protected or to better develop our understanding of the natural features protected by this conservation reserve. Table 3 highlights future needs and considerations for MacLennan Esker Forest Conservation Reserve.

Table 3: Future needs and considerations for MacLennan Esker Forest Conservation Reserve.

8.0 Implementation, review and revisions

The Sudbury Area team will be responsible for implementing the management policies and guidelines for the MacLennan Esker Forest Conservation Reserve. The primary role of the Sudbury Area team will be to perform compliance monitoring and provide public information to ensure adherence to current policies and guidelines.

8.1 Monitoring

Periodic monitoring of human activities and/or their impacts within this conservation reserve will be conducted. The Sudbury Area Supervisor and the Sudbury District Enforcement Supervisor will oversee these activities.

Approved inventory, monitoring and/or assessment activities that are compatible with protection objectives are encouraged. Any area that is disturbed during such monitoring activities must be rehabilitated to restore the affected area as closely as possible to its original condition. If at any time human activities are deemed to be negatively impacting the protected features, the activities will be reviewed and measures taken to mitigate any disturbance.

8.2 Marketing

No active marketing of this conservation reserve is anticipated.

8.3 Review and revisions

The MacLennan Esker Forest Conservation Reserve SCI will be reviewed every five years by the District Planner, Sudbury District to confirm and update the information in this document. Revisions to this document will be subject to requirements as specified in the Environmental Assessment Act (R.S.O. 1990, Chapter E.18). If changes in management direction are needed at any time, the significance of the changes will be evaluated. Minor amendments to the plan that do not alter the overall protection objectives may be considered and approved by the Area Supervisor without further public consultation. All minor amendments to the SCI will be documented in Appendix E. In assessing major amendments, the need for a more detailed Resource Management Plan (RMP) will first be considered. Where a RMP is not considered necessary or feasible, a major amendment to management direction may be considered with public consultation. Major amendments will be recommended by the District Manager and approved by the Regional Director, and will follow the appropriate guidelines (OMNR 2001).

9.0 References

Burkhardt, B., Longyear S. and King L. 2004. MacLennan Esker Forest Conservation Reserve (C178) Natural Heritage Area - Life Science Checksheet. Unpublished Information. Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources.

Crins, W.J. and Uhlig, P.W.C. 2000. Ecoregions of Ontario: Modification to Angus Hills' Site Regions and Site Districts – Revisions and Rationale.

Hills, G. A. 1959. A Ready Reference for the Description of the Land of Ontario and its Productivity. Preliminary Report. Ontario Department of Lands and Forests. Maple. Ontario.

Kristjansson, R.J. 2004. Earth Science Inventory Checklist for C178 MacLennan Esker Forest Conservation Reserve. Unpublished Information. Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources.

Ministry of Citizenship, Culture and Recreation. 1997. Conserving a Future for Our Past: Archaeology Land Use Planning and Development in Ontario, Section 3.

Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources. 1997a. Conservation Reserves Policy PL 3.03.05. Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources. 1997b. Prescribed Burn Planning Manual. Aviation Flood and Fire Management Branch Publication No. 313. Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources.

Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources. 1999. Ontario’s Living Legacy Land Use Strategy. Queen’s Printer for Ontario, Ontario, Canada.

Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources. 2000. Conservation Reserve Policy-As Amended by the Ontario Living Legacy Land Use Strategy. Unpublished document. September 2000.

Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources. 2001. Procedures for the Amendment of Ministry of Natural Resources Land Use Direction. Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources.

Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources. 2002. Buildings for Bait Harvesting Management. Public Lands Act, PL 3.03.08.

Ontario Ministry Natural of Resources. 2003a. Direction for Commercial Resource Use Activities in Provincial Parks and Conservation Reserves. June 2003.

Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources. 2003b. A Class Environmental Assessment for Provincial Parks and Conservation Reserves. Queen’s Printer for Ontario, Ontario, Canada. 116 pp.

Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources. 2004. MacLennan Esker Forest Conservation Reserve (C178) – Crown Land Use Policy Atlas Policy Report, [Accessed: September 1, 2004], http://crownlanduseatlas.mnr.gov.on.ca/pdfs/C178.pdf (link no longer active)

Rowe, J.S. 1972. Forest regions of Canada. Dept. of Fisheries and the Environment. Canadian Forestry Service. Publication No. 1300. 172 pp.

R.S.O. 1990, Chapter E.15. Endangered Species Act. [Accessed: September 1, 2004], http://www.e-laws.gov.on.ca/DBLaws/Statutes/English/90e15_e.htm.

R.S.O. 1990, Chapter E.18. Environmental Assessment Act. [Accessed: September 15, 2003] http://www.e-laws.gov.on.ca/DBLaws/Statutes/English/90e18_e.htm.

R.S.O. 1990, Chapter M.14. Mining Act. [Accessed: September 15, 2003] http://www.e-laws.gov.on.ca/DBLaws/Statutes/English/90m14_e.htm.

R.S.O. 1997, Chapter 41. Fish and Wildlife Conservation Act. [Accessed: September 1, 2004]. http://www.e-laws.gov.on.ca/DBLaws/Statutes/English/90c41_e.htm.

Thompson, J. 2001. Northeast Region Guidelines on the Planning Process for Conservation Reserves: Statements of Conservation Interest and Resource Management Plan. Unpublished Information. Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources.

Thompson, J. and Noordhof, J. 2003. Edit Model for N.E. Region Life Science Checksheets. Internal Report. Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources.

Thorpe, T. (1950). A Review of the Logging and Pulp Operations in the Sudbury District (1901-1950). Department of Lands and Forests. Unpublished Report.

Uhlig, P., A. Harris, G. Craig, C. Bowling, B. Chambers, B. Naylor and G. Beemer. 2001. Old Growth Forest Definitions for Ontario. Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, Queen’s Printer for Ontario, Toronto. ON. 27 p.

Zeran, R. MacLennan Esker Forest Conservation Reserve (C178) Recreation Resource Inventory Report. Unpublished Information. Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources.

10.0 Appendices

Appendix A: MacLennan Esker Forest Conservation Reserve

Maps

Map 1: Recreational Values of the MacLennan Esker Forest Conservation Reserve

Enlarge map 1 recreational values map

Map 2: Landforms in MacLennan Esker Forest Conservation Reserve

Enlarge landforms map 2

Map 3: Forest Communities within MacLennan Esker Forest Conservation Reserve

Enlarge map 3 of the forest communities

Map 4: Wetland Communities within MacLennan Esker Forest Conservation Reserve

Enlarge map 4 of the wetland communities

Appendix B: MacLennan Esker Forest Conservation Reserve

Photos

Photo 1: Aerial view of north end of conservation reserve. Wetlands in centre consist of treed fen and conifer swamp. (Photo taken by B. Burkhardt, 27 August 2003)

Photo 2: Cattail marsh located in north end of conservation reserve. (Photo taken by R. Zeran, 5 August 2004)

Photo 3: Wetland in northern portion of conservation reserve. (Photo taken by R. Zeran, 5 August 2004)

Photo 4: Area in conservation reserve carpeted with blueberries and ferns. (Photo taken by R. Zeran, 5 August 2004)

Photo 5: Blueberry (Vaccinium sp.) (Photo taken by R. Zeran, 5 August 2004)

Photo 6: Recreational use of the conservation reserve by a local blueberry picker. (Photo taken by R. Zeran, 5 August 2004)

Photo 7: Campsite location adjacent to the northern boundary of the conservation reserve. (Photo taken by R. Zeran, 5 August 2004)

Photo 8: Old CNR railway. This right-of-way now forms the northern boundary of the conservation reserve. (Photo taken by R. Zeran, 5 August 2004)

Appendix C: Summary of permitted uses

The following Policy Report was obtained from the Crown Land Use Policy Atlas website during completion of this SCI (fall 2004). Changes may have been made to this policy report since that time. For the most recent version of this policy report, please refer to the Crown Land Use Policy Atlas on the internet at www.ontario.ca/page/crown-land-use-policy-atlas or contact your local Ministry of Natural Resources office.

Crown Land Use Policy Atlas – Policy Report

MacLennan Esker Forest - Updated: January 16, 2004

Identification

Description:

An esker dominates this conservation reserve in Site District SE-4. Poplar, jack pine, spruce, birch and red oak stands cover this linear earth science feature. Treed wetlands and rock openings are scattered throughout the area.

MacLennan Esker Forest was regulated as a conservation reserve on December 7, 2002.

Land use intent:

The land use intent will be to protect the natural heritage values of this area.

Management of this area is also governed by the general policies contained in the Land Use Strategy (1999).

Management direction:

Those uses and management activities not listed in the following table are governed by existing conservation reserve policy Overtime the management direction will be elaborated in a Statement of Conservation Interest or Resource Management Plan. Any new uses, and commercial activities associated with conservation reserves, will be considered on a case by case basis, and they must pass a test of compatibility to be acceptable Compatibility is normally determined through a planning process.

Commercial activities

Land and resource management activities

Science, education and heritage appreciation

Recreation activities and facilities

Note: The policies outlined in this table do not supersede any Aboriginal or treaty rights that may exist, or other legal obligations.

Management of this conservation reserve is carried out within the context of conservation reserve policy as amended by the policies for new conservation reserves outlined in the OLL Land Use Strategy.

Source of direction: Ontario’s Living Legacy Land Use Strategy (1999) Conservation Reserves Policy (1997)

Explanation of edits: Area calculation has been edited based on current mapping Area calculations are preliminary until public consultation on boundaries has been completed and the area has been regulated

Appendix D: Test of Compatibility

Test of Compatibility

The Conservation Reserve policy provides broad direction with regard to the permitted uses. The policy provides only an indication of the variety of uses that will be considered acceptable in conservation reserves. Any new uses, and commercial activities associated with them, will be considered on a case by case basis, and, subject to the following test of compatibility. To ensure a standard screening process is followed, reviews of all current and new activities will be subject to the screening criteria as specified by the Environmental Assessment Act (R.S.O. 1900, Chapter E.18).

The following outlines the two steps involved in performing a Test of Compatibility. An assessment of current activities would only follow step two, which focuses on the impacts. An assessment of any new activity would consider the impact of the activity and its conformity to the SCI/RMP.

1. Conformity to SCI/RMP: SCI describe values for which an area has been set aside and the range of appropriate uses that will be permitted in the area. SCI may also speak to the acceptability of other 'new' uses currently not occurring in the area.

   The first 'test' is: "do proposed new land uses and/or commercial activities conform to the direction of the SCI/RMP for the conservation reserve? Would the new use(s) depart from the spirit of appropriate indicator land uses in the SCI/RMP?"

2. Impact Assessment: If the proposed use(s) pass test 1 it is important to determine their impact on the area before they are approved. This should include the following:
   • Impact on natural heritage values: "will the new use(s) impact any natural values in the area? If so how and to what degree? Is it tolerable?"
   • Impact on cultural values: "will the new use(s) impact an historical or archaeological values in the area?"
   • Impact on research activities: "will the new use(s) affect research activities in the area?"
   • Impact on current uses: "will the new use(s) have any negative impact on the array of current uses?"
   • Impact on area administration: "will the new use(s) increase administrative costs and/or complexity?" (For example, the cost of area monitoring, security and enforcement)
   • Impact on accommodating the use outside the conservation reserve: "Could the use(s) be accommodated as well or better outside the conservation reserve?"
   • Impact on socio-economics of the area: "will the new use(s) affect the community(ies) surrounding the area in a positive or negative way?" (For example, will the new use make an area less remote thereby affecting a local tourism industry that is dependent on the area’s remoteness for its appeal?"
   • Impact on area accessibility: "does the new use(s) give someone exclusive rights to the area or a portion of the area to the exclusion of other existing uses?"

Appendix E: Amendments to the SCI