Biennial Wormwood

Nelson, E.A. and G.O. Kegode. 2006 Biennial wormwood (Artemisia biennis) competiton with soybean (Glycine max). Phytoprotection. 86:125-132.

Buttercups

Buttercup (Ranunculus spp). (n.d). In University of Illinois Veterinary Medicine Library. Retrieved December 3, 2015, from http://www.library.illinois.edu/vex/toxic/butcup/butcup.htm.

Chicory

Hall, M. (n.d.). In: Forage Chicory. PennState Extension. Retrieved  December 8, 2015, from http://extension.psu.edu/plants/crops/forages/species/forage-chicory.

University of Nebraska-Lincoln. (n.d.). In: Root of the matter. University of Nebraska Lincoln Research Media. Retrieved December 8, 2015, from http://weedscience.unl. edu/currentTopics/2013ChicoryRW.pdf.

Cinquefoil

Werner, P.A. and J.D. Soule. 1976. The biology of Canadian weeds. 18. Potentilla recta L., P. norvegica L. and P. argentea L. Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 56: 591–603.

Corn Spurry

Weaver, S.E. and J.A. Ivany. 1998. Economic thresholds for wild radish, wild oat, hempnettle and corn spurry in spring barley. Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 78: 357-361.

Milberg, P. and E. Hallgren. 2004. Yield loss due to weeds in cereals and its large-scale variability in Sweden. Field Crops Research. 86: 199–209.

Docks

Pye, A. and L. Anderson. 2009. Time of emergence of Rumex crispus L. as affected by dispersal time, soil cover, and mechanical disturbance. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica Section B Soil and Plant Science, 59: 500–505.

Dogbane

United States Department of Agriculture. (2006). Hemp Dogbane (Apocynum cannabinum). Retrieved February 2, 2016, from http://www.ars.usda.gov/Research/ docs.htm?docid=9938.

Dog Strangling Vine

DiTommaso, A., Lawlor, F.M and S.J. Darbyshire. 2005. The Biology of Invasive Alien Plants in Canada. 2. Cynanchum rossicum (Kleopow) Borhidi [= Vincetoxicum rossicum (Kleopow) Barbar.] and Cynanchum louiseae (L.) Kartesz & Gandhi [= Vincetoxicum nigrum (L.) Moench]. Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 58: 401-413.

Garlic Mustard

Cavers, P.B., Heagy, M.I. and R.F. Kokron. 1970. The biology of Canadian Weeds.: 35. Alliaria petiolata (M. Bieb.) Cavara and Grande. Can. J. Plant Sci. 59(1): 217–229.

Ground-Cherry, Clammy

Abdullahi, A.E. and P. B. Cavers. 1997. Factors affecting regeneration from root fragments in two Physalis species. Phytoprotection, 78: 23–33.

Ohio State University Extension, 2015 https://www.oardc.ohio-state.edu/ weedguide/singlerecord.asp?id=710.

Government of Canada, 2015 http://www.cbif.gc.ca/eng/species-bank/canadianpoisonous-plants-information-system/all-plants-scientific-name/physalisperuviana/?id=1370403266966.

Horsetail

Kingsbury, J. M. 1964. Poisonous plants of the United States and Canada. Prentice-Hall Inc., Englewood Cliffs, N.J., USA. 626 pp.

Jimsonweed

Hagood , E.S. Jr., Bauman , T.T. , Williams , J.L. Jr. and M.M. Schreiber. 1981. Growth analysis of soybeans (Glycine max) in competition with jimsonweed (Factors affecting regeneration from root fragments in two Physalis species.) Weed Science, 29: 500504.

Knapweed

Watson, A.K. and A.J. Renney. 1974. The biology of Canadian weeds. 6. Centaurea diffusa and C. maculosa. Cananadian Journal of Plant Science, 54: 687-701.

Pollock, J.L., Callaway, R.M., Thelen G.C. and W.E. Holben. 2009. Catechin–metal interactions as a mechanism for conditional allelopathy by the invasive plant Centaurea maculosa. Journal of Ecology, 97: 1234–1242.

Kochia

Manthrey, F.A., Hareland, G.A., Zollinger, R.K. and D.J. Huseby. 1996. Kochia (Kochia scoparia) interference with oat (Avena sativa). Weed Technology, 10: 522-525.

Kudzu

Frye, M. (n.d.). Lessons learned from six year of kudzu research. Retrieved December 7, 2015, from https://nysipm.cornell.edu/sites/nysipm.cornell.edu/files/shared/ documents/kudzu.pdf.

Mullein

Gross, K.L. and P.A. Werner. 1977. The biology of Canadian weeds. 28. Verbascum thapsus L. and Verbascum blattaria L. Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 58: 401–413.

Night-Flowering Catchfly

Boström, U., Milber, P. and H. Fogelfors. 2003. Yield loss in spring-sown cereals related to the weed flora in the spring. Weed Science, 51: 418–424.

Nightshade, Eastern Black

Anonymous. http://www.cbif.gc.ca/eng/species-bank/canadianpoisonous-plants-information-system/all-plants-common-name/blacknightshade/?id=1370403267063.

Nipplewort

Fiveland, T. J. 1974. The competition between swedes or carrots and annual weeds. Meld. Nor. Landbrukshogsk 53: 21. 15 pp.

Palmer Amaranth

Legleiter, T and B. Johnson. 2013 Palmer Amaranth Biology, Identification, and Management. Purdue Extension. Retrieved December 7, 2015, from https://www. extension.purdue.edu/extmedia/WS/WS-51-W.pdf

Peppergrass

Merker, A., Eriksson, D. and N. Bertholdsson. 2010. Barley yield increases with undersown Lepidium campestre. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica Section B Soil and Plant Science, 2010. 60: 269–273.

Swan, D.G. 1971. Competition of blue mustard with winter wheat. Weed Science, 19: 340–342.

Shepherd's-Purse

Milberg, P. and E. Hallgren. 2004. Yield loss due to weeds in cereals and its large-scale variability in Sweden. Field Crops Research, 86: 199–209.

Spotted Water Hemlock

Mulligan, G.E. and D.B. Munro. 1980. The biology of Canadian weeds. 48. Cicuta maculata L., C. douglasii (DC.)

Coult. & Rose and C. virosa L. Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 61:93–105. Mulligan, G.E. and D.B. Munro. op. cit.

Scarlet Pimpernel

Mulligan, G.E. and D.B. Munro. 1990. Poisonous Plants of Canada. Publication 1842/E. Government of Canada. pp 41.

Tansy Ragwort

Lawlis, P. (1998, March 30). Poisoning of Horses by Plants. Retrieved July 16, 2015, from http://www.omafra.gov.on.ca/english/livestock/horses/facts/poison.htm#TansyRagwort.

Wild Oats

Satorre, E.H. 2005. Barley (Hordeum vulgare) and wild oat (Avena fatua) competition is affected by crop and weed density. Weed Technology, 19: 790–795.

Willowherb

Przepiorkowski T and SF, Gorski, 1994. Influence of rye (Secale cereale) plant residues on germination and growth of three triazine-resistant and susceptible weeds. Weed Technology, 8: 744–747.

Woodsorrel, Creeping Yellow

Doust, L.L., Mackinnon, A. and J.L. Doust. 1985. The biology of Canadian weeds. 71. Oxalis stricta L., O. corniculata L., O. dillenii Jacq. ssp. dillenii and O. dillenii Jacq. ssp. filipes (Small) Eiten. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 65:691–709.

Yellow Evening-Primrose

Hall, I. V., Stener, E., Threadgill, P. and Jones, R. W. 1988. The biology of Canadian weeds. 84. Oenothera biennis L. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 68: 163–173.