April to June, 2024

Introduction

About the Ontario Employment Report

The Ontario Employment Report is released four times a year and provides an assessment of the current trends and developments in the Ontario labour market. The Ontario Employment Report is a companion report to the Ontario Economic Accounts, which provides an overall assessment of the current state of the Ontario economy.

Methodological note

In the current issue, year-over-year change represents change between the averages in the second quarter of 2023 and the second quarter of 2024. Note that the Ontario Economic Accounts report primarily shows changes between two consecutive quarters.

This report uses seasonally adjusted data in charts displaying data with a monthly frequency in the Overview section.

Unadjusted data are used in charts and tables showing the changes for the current quarter compared with the same quarter for the previous year. Unadjusted data are also used to calculate annual averages, year-to-date averages and 2024 second quarter averages.^{footnote 1[1]}

All estimates in this report are based on Statistics Canada’s Labour Force Survey (LFS), which measures the current state of the national, provincial, and territorial labour market. The LFS is based on a household survey carried out monthly by Statistics Canada in reference weeks of each month. The reference periods for the three months of the second quarter of 2024 are April 14 to 20, May 12 to 18, and June 9 to 15.

Overview

Ontario’s labour market overview

Employment:

• +121,200 net jobs in Q2 2024, year-over-year
• +66,400 net full-time jobs in Q2 2024, year-over-year
• +9,800 net jobs in June 2024
• -7,400 net full-time jobs in June 2024

Unemployment rate:

• 6.9% in Q2 2024
• 7.0% in June 2024

Year-over-year, Ontario’s employment increased by 1.5% (+121,200) in the second quarter of 2024, while Canada’s employment grew by 1.9% (+380,900).

Ontario’s unemployment rate was 6.9% in the second quarter of 2024, higher than the Canadian rate of 6.2%.

In June 2024, Ontario’s employment increased (+9,800, +0.1%), driven by gains in part-time employment (+17,200, +1.2%). Canada’s employment was little changed in June 2024 (-1,400, -0.0%).

In June 2024, the unemployment rate in Ontario increased to 7.0%, compared to 6.7% in May 2024, reaching a high last observed in January 2022. The unemployment rate in Canada also increased to 6.4% in June 2024 from 6.2% in the previous month and 6.1% in April 2024.

Year-over-year overview

Ontario’s labour market, January 2014 - June 2024 (seasonally adjusted)

Between the second quarters of 2023 and 2024:

• Employment gains were driven by growth in both full-time employment (+1.0%) and part-time employment (+3.9%).
• Employment increased in all sectors with the largest growth in the public sector (+5.4%), followed by the self-employed (+2.8%) and the private sector (+0.2%).
• Employment increased in services-producing industries (+2.6%) and declined in goods-producing industries (-2.9%).
• Employment increased in most regions, with Southwestern Ontario (+4.0%) experiencing the highest rate of employment growth.
• Employment increased for core-aged workers (+2.9%), while employment declined for youth (-1.2%) and older workers (-1.0%).
• Hourly wage growth (+4.6%) exceeded inflation (+2.9%).

Type of Work

Employment change by work status, Ontario, Q2 2024 over Q2 2023

Year-over-year, full-time employment increased by 1.0% and part-time employment increased by 3.9% in the second quarter of 2024.

Employment change by employment sector, Ontario, Q2 2024 over Q2 2023

Year-over-year, employment increased by 0.2% in the private sector, 5.4% in the public sector,^{footnote 2[2]} and by 2.8% for the self-employed.

Employment change by above-average wage and below-average wage industries, Ontario, Q2 2024 over Q2 2023^{footnote 3[3]}

Year-over-year, paid employment increased by 1.3% in both below-average wage industries and above-average wage industries.

Sector and occupation

Employment change by industry, goods-producing industries, Ontario, Q2 2024 over Q2 2023

Employment in goods-producing industries declined (-2.9%) in the second quarter of 2024, compared to the same period in 2023. Employment gains in manufacturing (+2,600, +0.3%) were offset by employment declines in the remaining goods-producing industries, with the largest declines in construction (-33,700, -5.5%) and utilities (-6,600, -10.3%).

Employment change by industry, services-producing industries, Ontario, Q2 2024 over Q2 2023

In the second quarter of 2024, employment increased in the services-producing industries (+2.6%) compared to the same period in 2023. Seven services-producing industries experienced employment growth with professional, scientific and technical services (+82,100, +10.1%) experiencing the largest employment gain, followed by health care and social assistance (+42,100, +4.4%) and other services (except public administration) (+31,700, +12.0%), which also experienced the largest rate of employment growth. Four industry groups experienced a decline in employment with the largest decrease in wholesale and retail trade (-22,200, -2.0%).

Employment change by occupational group, Ontario, Q2 2024 over Q2 2023^{footnote 4[4]}

Year-over-year, natural and applied sciences and related occupations (+57,200, +7.7%) experienced the largest employment gain followed by occupations in education, law and social, community and government services (+51,200, +5.7%) and management occupations (+46,300, +5.6%). Three occupational groups experienced a decline in employment with the largest decrease in sales and service occupations (-37,500, -2.2%).

Geographic region

Employment change by Ontario region, Q2 2024 over Q2 2023^{footnote 5[5]}

Year-over-year, employment increased in all Ontario regions in the second quarter of 2024. The Greater Toronto Area (GTA)^{footnote 6[6]} experienced the largest employment gain (+62,700, +1.6%), followed by Southwestern Ontario (+35,600, +4.0%), Eastern Ontario (+12,300, +1.2%), Central Ontario (+9,500, +0.5%), and Northern Ontario (+1,100, +0.3%). Southwestern Ontario had the highest rate of employment growth (+4.0%).

Unemployment rates by Ontario region, Q2 2024^{footnote 7[7]}

In the second quarter of 2024, the unemployment rate increased in all regions. The GTA had the highest unemployment rate (7.9%), followed by Southwestern Ontario (6.0%), Central Ontario (6.0%), and Eastern Ontario (5.8%). Northern Ontario had the lowest unemployment rate (4.9%).

Participation rates by Ontario region, Q2 2024^{footnote 8[8]}

Labour force participation rates ranged from 58.3% in Northern Ontario to 67.4% in the GTA in the second quarter of 2024. Year-over-year, labour force participation rates declined in most regions except for Southwestern Ontario.

Age and gender

Employment change by age group and gender, Ontario, Q2 2024 over Q2 2023

Compared to the same quarter last year, employment increased for core-aged workers aged 25 to 54 years (+2.9%). Youth aged 15 to 24 years (-1.2%) and older workers aged 55 years and over (-1.0%) experienced a decline in employment.

Year-over-year, employment increased more for females (+1.9%) than males (+1.2%).

Unemployment rates by age group and gender, Ontario, Q2 2024

In the second quarter of 2024, youth had the highest unemployment rate (16.7%), followed by core-aged individuals (5.4%) and older individuals (4.5%). Compared to the same period last year, the unemployment rate increased by 3.3 percentage points for youth, 1.0 percentage point for core-aged individuals, and 1.2 percentage points for older individuals.

In the second quarter of 2024, the unemployment rate for males (7.2%) was higher than that of females (6.5%). Compared to the same period last year, the unemployment rate increased by 0.8 percentage point for females and 1.9 percentage points for males.

Participation rates by age group and gender, Ontario, Q2 2024

In the second quarter of 2024, core-aged individuals had the highest labour force participation rate (88.5%), followed by youth (62.1%) and older individuals (37.4%). Compared to the second quarter of 2023, the participation rate decreased by 3.2 percentage points for youth, increased by 0.1 percentage point for the core-aged population and decreased by 0.6 percentage point for older individuals.

Males had a higher participation rate (70.1%) than females (61.4%) in the second quarter of 2024. Compared to the same period last year, the participation rate decreased by 0.6 percentage point for males and 0.4 percentage point for females. The gap in labour force participation rates between males and females narrowed when compared to the second quarter of 2023 from 9.0 percentage points to 8.7 percentage points.

Education level and immigrant status

Employment rates by education level and immigrant status (core-aged population), Ontario, Q2 2024^{footnote 9[9]}

In the second quarter of 2024, core-aged individuals with less than high school education continued to have the lowest employment rate (58.9%), while those with a university degree recorded the highest employment rate (87.8%), followed by those with a postsecondary certificate or diploma (85.6%).

Year-over-year, the employment rate for core-aged people decreased across most education levels except for those with less than high school education.

Those born in Canada had the highest employment rate (86.4%), while very recent immigrants had the lowest employment rate (75.8%).

Year-over-year, the employment rate increased for the core-aged population born in Canada (+0.3 percentage point). Core-aged very recent immigrants (-1.8 percentage points), established immigrants (-1.6 percentage points), and recent immigrants (-0.3 percentage point) recorded employment rate decreases.

Unemployment rates by education level and immigrant status (core-aged population), Ontario, Q2 2024^{footnote 10[10]}

In the second quarter of 2024, the core-aged population with a university degree and those with a postsecondary certificate/diploma had the lowest unemployment rates (4.9% and 5.1%, respectively). Those with a high school diploma (6.6%) and less than high school education (10.3%)^{footnote 11[11]} had higher unemployment rates. Year-over-year, the unemployment rate of core-aged people increased across all education levels.

In the second quarter of 2024, the core-aged population born in Canada had the lowest unemployment rate (4.1%), while very recent immigrants had the highest unemployment rate (11.1%). Year-over-year, the unemployment rate increased for all groups by immigrant status.

Participation rates by education level and immigrant status (core-aged population), Ontario, Q2 2024^{footnote 12[12]}

In the second quarter of 2024, among the core-aged population, those with a university degree continued to have the highest participation rate (92.3%), while those with less than high school education had the lowest participation rate (65.7%). Year-over-year, the participation rate increased among those with less than high school education (+2.3 percentage points), but decreased for those with a postsecondary certificate/diploma (-0.5 percentage point) and those with a high school diploma (-0.4 percentage point). The participation rate for those with a university degree was unchanged.

In the second quarter of 2024, core-aged very recent immigrants had the lowest participation rate (85.2%) compared to recent immigrants, established immigrants and those born in Canada. Year-over-year, the participation rate increased for most groups by immigrant status, with the exception of established immigrants (-0.4 percentage point). Recent immigrants recorded the largest increase in the participation rate (+1.3 percentage points).

Wages

Average hourly wages by employment status, Ontario, 1997-2023

Over the last two and a half decades, the average hourly wage increased in real terms^{footnote 13[13]} (i.e., after accounting for inflation) from $28.88 in 1997 to $34.63 in 2023, with the growth rate averaging 0.7% per year. Over this period, part-time workers and full-time workers experienced similar annual growth in real wages (+0.7%).

Average hourly wage growth by type of work, Ontario, Q2 2024 over Q2 2023^{footnote 14[14]}

In the second quarter of 2024, the average hourly wage of Ontario employees was $35.84, an increase of 4.6% from the second quarter of 2023.^{footnote 15[15]}  

Part-time employees (+4.9%), temporary employees (+5.3%) and employees with no union coverage (+4.8%) experienced larger increases in average hourly wages when compared to full-time employees (+4.7%), permanent employees (+4.7%) and employees with union coverage (+4.2%).

Consumer Price Index inflation over the second quarter of 2024 compared to the second quarter of 2023 was 2.9%.

Average hourly wage rate and wage growth by occupational group, Ontario, Q2 2024^{footnote 16[16]}

Year-over-year, all broad occupational groups experienced growth in average hourly wages, led by occupations in manufacturing and utilities (+7.4%), health occupations (+5.6%); and management occupations (+5.6%). Occupations in natural resources, agriculture and related production recorded the smallest increase (+0.1%).

Appendix I

Overview of annual employment ten-year review, Ontario

Employment by region (000)

Unemployment rate by region (%)

Total employment by CMA (000)

Greater Toronto Area

Central Ontario

Eastern Ontario

Southwestern Ontario

Northern Ontario

Overview of quarterly employment year-over-year, Ontario

Employment by Region (000)

Unemployment Rate by Region (%)

Total Employment by CMA (000)

Greater Toronto Area

Central Ontario

Eastern Ontario

Southwestern Ontario

Northern Ontario

Overview of monthly* labour force characteristics, Ontario

* Seasonally adjusted.