January to March, 2023
Introduction
About the Ontario Employment Report
The Ontario Employment Report is released four times a year and provides an assessment of the current trends and developments in the Ontario labour market. The Ontario Employment Report is a companion report to the Ontario Economic Accounts, which provides an overall assessment of the current state of the Ontario economy.
Methodological note
In the current issue, year-over-year change represents change between the averages in the first quarter of 2022 and the first quarter of 2023. Note that the Ontario Economic Accounts report primarily shows changes between the previous and the current quarter.
This report uses seasonally adjusted data in charts displaying data with a monthly frequency in the Overview section.
Unadjusted data are used in charts and tables showing the changes for the current quarter compared with the same quarter for the previous year. Unadjusted data are also used to calculate annual averages, year-to-date averages and 2023 first quarter averages.
All estimates in this report are based on Statistics Canada’s Labour Force Survey (LFS), which measures the current state of the national provincial and territorial labour market. The LFS is based on a household survey carried out monthly by Statistics Canada in reference weeks of the month. The reference periods for the three months of the first quarter of 2023 are January 15 to 21, February 12 to 18 and March 12 to 18.
Overview
Ontario’s labour market overview
Employment:
- +207,900 net jobs in Q1 2023, year-over-year
- +214,500 net full-time jobs in Q1 2023, year-over-year
- +21,400 net jobs in March 2023
- -12,500 full-time jobs in March 2023
Unemployment rate:
- 5.3% in the first quarter of 2023
- 5.1% in March 2023
Year-over-year, Ontario’s employment increased by 2.7% (+207,900) in the first quarter of 2023, while Canada’s employment increased by 2.9% (+555,400).
Ontario’s unemployment rate was 5.3% in the first quarter of 2023, slightly lower than the Canadian rate of 5.4%.
In March 2023, Ontario’s employment increased slightly (+21,400, +0.3%), driven by gains in part-time employment (+33,900, +2.6%). Canada’s employment also edged up in March 2023 (+34,700, +0.2%).
In March 2023, the unemployment rate in Ontario remained unchanged at 5.1% and the rate in Canada also remained unchanged at 5.0%.
Year-over-year overview
Ontario’s labour market, January 2014 – March 2023 (seasonally adjusted)
Between the first quarters of 2022 and 2023:
- employment gains were driven by growth in full-time employment (+214,500, +3.5%) while part-time employment slightly decreased (-6,600, -0.5%);
- employment increased in the private sector (+3.8%) and public sector (+2.1%), but declined for those who are self-employed (-1.1%);
- employment increased in services-producing industries (+2.5%) and goods-producing industries (+3.7%);
- employment increased in every region with Eastern Ontario (+4.2%) experiencing the highest rate of employment growth; and
- employment increased for all age groups with youth experiencing the highest rate of employment growth (+5.9%) compared to other age groups.
Type of Work quarterly details
Employment change by work status, Q1 2023 over Q1 2022
Year-over-year, full-time employment increased by 3.5% and part-time employment decreased by 0.5% in the first quarter of 2023.
Employment change by employment sector, Q1 2023 over Q1 2022
Year-over-year, employment increased by 3.8% for the private sector and 2.1% for the public sector
Employment change by above-average wage and below-average wage industries, Q1 2023 over Q1 2022footnote 3
Year-over-year, paid employment increased by 4.4% in above-average wage industries and by 2.7% in below-average wage industries.
Sector and occupation quarterly details
Employment change by industry, goods-producing industries, Q1 2023 over Q1 2022
Employment in goods-producing industries increased by 3.7% in the first quarter of 2023, compared to the same period in 2022. The overall gain was driven by increases in construction (+3.5%), while the remaining industries also experienced employment increases, with agriculture reporting the largest rate of employment growth (+18.4%).
Employment change by industry, services-producing industries, Q1 2023 over Q1 2022
In the first quarter of 2023 compared to the same period in 2022, employment increased in the services-producing industries (+2.5%). Eight services-producing industries experienced employment growth with accommodation and food services experiencing the largest employment gain and the highest rate of employment growth (+13.7%), followed by professional, scientific and technical services (+4.1%) and public administration (+7.7%). Three industry groups experienced a decline in employment with the largest decrease in wholesale and retail trade (-3.5%).
Employment change by occupational group, Q1 2023 over Q1 2022footnote 4
Year-over-year, management occupations (+8.8%) experienced the highest rate of employment growth and the largest employment gain followed by trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations (+5.9%), and education, law and social, community and government services (+5.8%). Three occupation groups experienced a decline in employment with the largest decrease in manufacturing and utilities (-4.6%).
Geographic region
Ontario regionsfootnote 5
Employment change by Ontario region, Q1 2023 over Q1 2022footnote 6
Year-over-year, employment increased in all Ontario regions in the first quarter of 2023. The Greater Toronto Area (GTA)
Unemployment rates by Ontario region, Q1 2023footnote 8
In the first quarter of 2023, the unemployment rate decreased in every region. Southwestern Ontario had the highest unemployment rate (5.7%), while Eastern Ontario had the lowest unemployment rate (4.3%).
Participation rates by Ontario region, Q1 2023footnote 9
In the first quarter of 2023, the labour force participation rate varied among economic regions, ranging from 59.3% in Northern Ontario to 66.4% in the GTA.
Age and gender quarterly details
Employment change by age group and gender, Q1 2023 over Q1 2022
Compared to the same quarter last year, employment increased for all age groups in the first quarter of 2023. Youth aged 15 to 24 years posted the highest rate of employment growth (+5.9%), followed by core-aged workers aged 25 to 54 years (+2.6%) and older workers aged 55 years and over (+1.5%).
Year-over-year, employment increased more for females (+3.2%) than males (+2.3%).
Unemployment rates by age group and gender, Q1 2023
In the first quarter of 2023, youth had the highest unemployment rate (10.8%), followed by core-aged people (4.5%) and older people (4.4%). Compared to the same period last year, the unemployment rate decreased by 2.1 percentage points for youth, 0.7 percentage point for core-aged people and 1.3 percentage points for older people.
In the first quarter of 2023, the unemployment rate for females (5.1%) was lower than that for males (5.5%). Compared to the same period last year, the unemployment rate decreased by 0.8 percentage point for males and 1.2 percentage points for females.
Participation rates by age group and gender, Q1 2023
In the first quarter of 2023, core-aged people had the highest labour force participation rate (88.1%), followed by youth (59.7%) and older people (37.5%). Compared to the first quarter of 2022, the participation rate increased by 1.1 percentage points for youth and 0.2 percentage point for the core-aged population and declined by 0.6 percentage point for older people.
Males had a higher participation rate (69.1%) than females (60.9%) in the first quarter of 2023. Compared to the same period last year, the participation rate decreased by 0.2 percentage point for males and increased by 0.2 percentage point for females. The gap in labour force participation rates between males and females narrowed when compared to the first quarter of 2022 from 8.6 percentage points to 8.2 percentage points.
Education level and immigrant status quarterly details
Employment rates by education level and immigrant status (core-aged population), Q1 2023footnote 10
In the first quarter of 2023, core-aged people with less than a high school diploma continued to have the lowest employment rate (60.0%), while those with a university degree recorded the highest employment rate (88.9%), followed by those with a postsecondary certificate or diploma (86.4%).
Year-over-year, the employment rate increased for all education levels, except for those with less than high school education (-1.0 percentage point). Those with university level education recorded the largest employment rate increase (+1.7 percentage points).
Those born in Canada had the highest employment rate (85.4%), while very recent immigrants had the lowest employment rate (78.7%).
Year-over-year, the employment rate increased for nearly all groups by immigrant status, led by recent immigrants (+3.7 percentage points).
Unemployment rates by education level and immigrant status (core-aged population), Q1 2023footnote 11
In the first quarter of 2023, the core-aged population with a university degree had the lowest unemployment rate (3.6%) while those with less than a high school diploma had the highest unemployment rate (8.9%). Year-over-year, the unemployment rate of core-aged people decreased for all education levels led by those with less than a high school diploma (-2.0 percentage points).
Year-over-year, the unemployment rate also decreased for all groups by immigrant status. In the first quarter of 2023, those born in Canada had the lowest unemployment rate (4.1%), while very recent immigrants had the highest unemployment rate (7.2%).
Participation rates by education level and immigrant status (core-aged population), Q1 2023footnote 12
In the first quarter of 2023, among core-aged population, those with a university degree continued to have the highest participation rate (92.2%), while those with less than a high school diploma had the lowest participation rate (65.8%). Year-over-year, the participation rate increased among those with a university degree (+1.3 percentage points) and declined among those with a postsecondary certificate/diploma (-0.7 percentage point) and those with less than high school education (-2.6 percentage points). The participation rate among those with high school level education was unchanged.
In the first quarter of 2023, core-aged very recent immigrants had the lowest participation rate (84.9%) compared to recent immigrants, established immigrants and those born in Canada. Year-over-year, the participation rate decreased for very recent immigrants and those born in Canada, while recent immigrants and established immigrants experienced an increase.
Wages quarterly details
Average hourly wages by employment status, 1997-2022
Over the last two decades, the average hourly wage increased in real terms
Hourly wage growth by type of work, Q1 2023 over Q1 2022footnote 14
In the first quarter of 2023, the average hourly wage of Ontario employees was $34.05, an increase of 4.8% from the first quarter of 2022.
The average hourly wage for part-time positions increased by 2.4%, while the average hourly wage for full-time workers increased by 5.0%.
Consumer Price Index inflation over the first quarter of 2023 compared to the first quarter of 2022 was 5.0%.
Average hourly wage rate and wage growth by occupational group, Q1 2023footnote 17
Year-over-year, most broad occupational groups experienced growth in average hourly wages led by occupations in manufacturing and utilities (+7.7%), business, finance and administration occupations (+5.9%) and natural and applied sciences and related occupations (+5.6%). Occupations in natural resources, agriculture and related production (-0.7%) and occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport (-0.2%) experienced a decrease in average hourly wages.
Appendix I
Overview of annual employment ten-year review
2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total Labour Force (000) | 7,367.4 | 7,384.8 | 7,386.4 | 7,442.7 | 7,576.3 | 7,679.4 | 7,866.6 | 7,788.0 | 8,048.8 | 8,190.4 |
Participation Rate (%) | 66.5 | 66.0 | 65.5 | 65.2 | 65.3 | 64.9 | 65.3 | 63.7 | 65.2 | 65.4 |
Male Participation Rate (%) | 71.0 | 70.6 | 70.4 | 69.9 | 70.0 | 69.6 | 70.0 | 68.6 | 69.9 | 69.9 |
Female Participation Rate (%) | 62.2 | 61.6 | 60.8 | 60.6 | 60.7 | 60.5 | 60.8 | 59.1 | 60.7 | 61.2 |
Total Employment (000) | 6,806.9 | 6,840.0 | 6,887.0 | 6,956.4 | 7,117.3 | 7,245.9 | 7,429.2 | 7,025.9 | 7,393.3 | 7,731.6 |
Full-time (000) | 5,463.4 | 5,497.5 | 5,580.0 | 5,630.5 | 5,740.5 | 5,883.4 | 6,042.3 | 5,801.0 | 6,088.9 | 6,372.4 |
Part-time (000) | 1,343.5 | 1,342.6 | 1,307.0 | 1,325.9 | 1,376.8 | 1,362.5 | 1,386.9 | 1,224.9 | 1,304.4 | 1,359.2 |
Employment-Population Ratio (%) | 61.4 | 61.1 | 61.1 | 60.9 | 61.3 | 61.3 | 61.6 | 57.5 | 59.9 | 61.8 |
Male Employment (000) | 3,532.4 | 3,566.0 | 3,603.7 | 3,641.9 | 3,730.4 | 3,808.7 | 3,901.7 | 3,717.3 | 3,891.6 | 4,060.1 |
Female Employment (000) | 3,274.5 | 3,274.0 | 3,283.3 | 3,314.5 | 3,386.9 | 3,437.2 | 3,527.5 | 3,308.5 | 3,501.7 | 3,671.5 |
Part-Time (% of total) | 19.7 | 19.6 | 19.0 | 19.1 | 19.3 | 18.8 | 18.7 | 17.4 | 17.6 | 17.6 |
Goods-Producing Sector Employment (000) | 1,410.4 | 1,393.8 | 1,406.7 | 1,440.2 | 1,457.5 | 1,476.8 | 1,474.6 | 1,415.5 | 1,466.2 | 1,543.5 |
Services-Producing Sector Employment (000) | 5,396.5 | 5,446.2 | 5,480.3 | 5,516.2 | 5,659.8 | 5,769.1 | 5,954.6 | 5,610.4 | 5,927.1 | 6,188.1 |
Private Sector Employment (000) | 4,488.2 | 4,542.1 | 4,545.4 | 4,613.4 | 4,741.5 | 4,809.6 | 4,936.5 | 4,600.1 | 4,876.4 | 5,127.2 |
Public Sector Employment (000) | 1,278.2 | 1,259.5 | 1,276.2 | 1,280.5 | 1,299.0 | 1,319.2 | 1,343.5 | 1,327.9 | 1,429.1 | 1,515.7 |
Self-Employment (%of total) | 15.3 | 15.2 | 15.5 | 15.3 | 15.1 | 15.4 | 15.5 | 15.6 | 14.7 | 14.1 |
Total Unemployment (000) | 560.5 | 544.8 | 499.5 | 486.4 | 459.0 | 433.5 | 437.5 | 762.1 | 655.5 | 458.8 |
Unemployment Rate (%) | 7.6 | 7.4 | 6.8 | 6.5 | 6.1 | 5.6 | 5.6 | 9.8 | 8.1 | 5.6 |
Male Unemployment Rate (%) | 8.0 | 7.6 | 7.1 | 6.8 | 6.3 | 5.6 | 5.7 | 9.6 | 8.1 | 5.5 |
Female Unemployment Rate (%) | 7.2 | 7.1 | 6.4 | 6.2 | 5.8 | 5.7 | 5.4 | 10.0 | 8.2 | 5.7 |
Long-Term (27 wks+) (% of total) | 23.0 | 22.5 | 19.8 | 19.7 | 19.3 | 16.3 | 15.1 | 15.0 | 28.2 | 18.2 |
Average Unemployment in Weeks | 21.9 | 21.9 | 20.1 | 19.9 | 19.1 | 17.2 | 16.0 | 15.4 | 23.0 | 19.7 |
Youth Unemployment Rate (%) | 15.4 | 15.2 | 14.3 | 13.4 | 11.7 | 11.7 | 11.7 | 22.1 | 15.9 | 11.5 |
25-54 y.o. Unemployment rate (%) | 6.3 | 6.1 | 5.6 | 5.5 | 5.2 | 4.7 | 4.6 | 7.9 | 6.7 | 4.6 |
55+ y.o. Unemployment rate (%) | 5.8 | 5.6 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 4.7 | 4.2 | 4.3 | 7.3 | 7.4 | 4.6 |
Average Weekly Wage Rate ($) | 916.61 | 931.31 | 959.81 | 985.76 | 993.13 | 1,030.52 | 1,058.44 | 1,136.25 | 1,161.63 | 1,216.43 |
Average Hourly Wage Rate ($) | 25.07 | 25.45 | 26.20 | 26.92 | 27.16 | 28.18 | 28.95 | 30.86 | 31.60 | 32.94 |
Employment by region (000)
2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Greater Toronto Area | 3,229.6 | 3,221.8 | 3,281.6 | 3,320.9 | 3,392.6 | 3,471.5 | 3,576.0 | 3,387.5 | 3,568.5 | 3,728.7 |
Central | 1,552.6 | 1,583.5 | 1,594.9 | 1,598.6 | 1,670.4 | 1,676.2 | 1,708.6 | 1,615.1 | 1,692.6 | 1,779.9 |
Southwest | 769.8 | 776.2 | 775.6 | 784.6 | 793.8 | 817.0 | 817.4 | 770.6 | 833.1 | 864.5 |
East | 897.2 | 900.9 | 885.7 | 902.5 | 906.8 | 922.0 | 967.8 | 909.9 | 954.4 | 1,000.2 |
North | 357.5 | 357.8 | 349.0 | 349.7 | 353.7 | 359.2 | 359.3 | 342.8 | 344.7 | 358.2 |
Unemployment rate by region (%)
2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Greater Toronto Area | 8.2 | 8.1 | 7.1 | 6.9 | 6.5 | 6.0 | 5.9 | 11.0 | 9.2 | 6.3 |
Central | 6.9 | 6.3 | 5.8 | 5.9 | 5.3 | 5.3 | 5.2 | 9.1 | 7.5 | 5.0 |
Southwest | 7.7 | 6.9 | 7.0 | 6.1 | 5.7 | 5.3 | 5.4 | 9.2 | 7.5 | 5.5 |
East | 6.5 | 7.2 | 6.7 | 6.4 | 5.9 | 4.8 | 5.0 | 7.7 | 6.5 | 4.4 |
North | 7.5 | 6.8 | 7.2 | 7.4 | 6.6 | 6.1 | 6.0 | 7.9 | 6.8 | 4.6 |
Total employment by CMA (000)
Greater Toronto Area
2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Toronto | 3,075.2 | 3,061.9 | 3,130.4 | 3,155.7 | 3,235.3 | 3,301.4 | 3,412.1 | 3,227.0 | 3,409.2 | 3,569.4 |
Oshawa | 192.9 | 198.2 | 192.6 | 209.9 | 206.4 | 215.5 | 214.4 | 205.4 | 211.2 | 226.6 |
Central Ontario
2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hamilton | 372.6 | 378.1 | 380.8 | 380.6 | 411.1 | 407.4 | 414.8 | 384.1 | 409.6 | 418.6 |
Kitchener-Cambridge-Waterloo | 287.2 | 290.1 | 290.7 | 293.1 | 304.1 | 312.4 | 324.4 | 305.5 | 323.0 | 333.7 |
St. Catharines-Niagara | 193.3 | 195.3 | 205.4 | 205.8 | 203.9 | 208.8 | 207.1 | 189.5 | 198.4 | 221.2 |
Peterborough | 54.6 | 59.3 | 60.2 | 58.5 | 61.7 | 64.9 | 62.5 | 53.7 | 63.5 | 66.1 |
Brantford | 68.8 | 68.8 | 70.0 | 70.4 | 72.7 | 70.5 | 78.7 | 72.0 | 74.2 | 77.7 |
Guelph | 79.0 | 80.8 | 89.9 | 91.1 | 91.3 | 89.1 | 91.4 | 85.1 | 92.8 | 96.8 |
Barrie | 108.2 | 109.7 | 106.3 | 102.7 | 114.5 | 112.4 | 117.6 | 118.7 | 115.5 | 124.3 |
Eastern Ontario
2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ottawa-Gatineau (Ontario part) | 527.6 | 532.6 | 530.1 | 545.5 | 551.5 | 564.1 | 589.8 | 557.8 | 590.2 | 610.5 |
Kingston | 81.0 | 78.8 | 80.1 | 80.6 | 84.8 | 83.2 | 83.9 | 80.1 | 81.3 | 87.9 |
Belleville | 40.7 | 35.2 | 32.3 | 33.4 | 41.1 | 41.9 | 51.8 | 49.6 | 50.0 | 57.4 |
Southwestern Ontario
2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
London | 238.3 | 239.6 | 249.0 | 245.2 | 247.4 | 257.3 | 256.1 | 257.9 | 281.8 | 295.4 |
Windsor | 155.4 | 155.9 | 157.6 | 164.0 | 163.4 | 166.5 | 171.6 | 152.1 | 168.3 | 174.7 |
Northern Ontario
2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Greater Sudbury | 84.3 | 83.5 | 82.9 | 82.7 | 82.3 | 83.3 | 87.3 | 81.0 | 82.1 | 85.4 |
Thunder Bay | 62.8 | 61.4 | 59.7 | 60.3 | 62.1 | 64.4 | 63.2 | 59.1 | 61.1 | 61.9 |
Overview of quarterly employment year-over-year
2021Q2 | 2022Q2 | 2021Q3 | 2022Q3 | 2021Q4 | 2022Q4 | 2022Q1 | 2023Q1 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total Labour Force (000) | 8029.2 | 8252.7 | 8174.2 | 8244.3 | 8123.4 | 8178.7 | 8085.9 | 8218.0 |
Participation Rate (%) | 65.2 | 66.0 | 66.2 | 65.8 | 65.5 | 65.0 | 64.9 | 64.9 |
Male Participation Rate (%) | 70.0 | 70.4 | 70.9 | 70.5 | 69.9 | 69.3 | 69.3 | 69.1 |
Female Participation Rate (%) | 60.5 | 61.9 | 61.6 | 61.2 | 61.3 | 60.8 | 60.7 | 60.9 |
Total Employment (000) | 7293.0 | 7809.2 | 7503.1 | 7766.7 | 7647.5 | 7777.2 | 7573.4 | 7781.3 |
- Full-time (000) | 6065.1 | 6442.2 | 6201.3 | 6494.2 | 6198.3 | 6373.1 | 6180.3 | 6394.8 |
- Part-time (000) | 1227.9 | 1367.1 | 1301.8 | 1272.5 | 1449.2 | 1404 | 1393.1 | 1386.5 |
Employment-Population Ratio (%) | 59.2 | 62.5 | 60.7 | 62.0 | 61.7 | 61.8 | 60.8 | 61.5 |
Male Employment (000) | 3852.3 | 4082.1 | 3955.1 | 4111.7 | 4002.8 | 4079.1 | 3967.5 | 4060.4 |
Female Employment (000) | 3440.7 | 3727.1 | 3548.1 | 3655.1 | 3644.7 | 3698.1 | 3605.9 | 3720.9 |
Part Time (% of total) | 16.8 | 17.5 | 17.4 | 16.4 | 19.0 | 18.1 | 18.4 | 17.8 |
Goods-Producing Sector Employment (000) | 1462.2 | 1554.2 | 1491 | 1587.3 | 1484.4 | 1559.4 | 1473.2 | 1528.4 |
Services-Producing Sector Employment (000) | 5830.8 | 6255.0 | 6012.1 | 6179.4 | 6163.0 | 6217.8 | 6100.2 | 6252.9 |
Private Sector Employment (000) | 4782.7 | 5184.7 | 4995.6 | 5197.7 | 5063.8 | 5140.3 | 4986.4 | 5174.8 |
Public Sector Employment | 1404.2 | 1540.2 | 1409.0 | 1475.8 | 1506.5 | 1544.3 | 1502.4 | 1534.1 |
Self-Employment (% of total) | 15.2 | 13.9 | 14.6 | 14.1 | 14.1 | 14.0 | 14.3 | 13.8 |
Total Unemployment (000) | 736.2 | 443.4 | 671.1 | 477.6 | 476 | 401.5 | 512.5 | 436.7 |
Unemployment Rate (%) | 9.2 | 5.4 | 8.2 | 5.8 | 5.9 | 4.9 | 6.3 | 5.3 |
Male Unemployment Rate (%) | 9.0 | 5.5 | 8.0 | 5.3 | 5.9 | 4.8 | 6.4 | 5.5 |
Female Unemployment Rate (%) | 9.3 | 5.2 | 8.4 | 6.3 | 5.8 | 5.0 | 6.3 | 5.1 |
Long-Term (27 wks+) (% of total) | 28.9 | 19.6 | 25.9 | 15.8 | 29.2 | 18.7 | 18.9 | 16.5 |
Average Unemployment in Weeks | 22.9 | 20.6 | 23.2 | 17.0 | 24.7 | 20.3 | 21.2 | 18.0 |
Youth Unemployment Rate (%) | 20.5 | 11.6 | 14 | 11.3 | 9.4 | 10.4 | 12.9 | 10.8 |
25-54 y.o Unemployment Rate (%) | 7.1 | 4.4 | 6.9 | 4.8 | 4.9 | 4.1 | 5.2 | 4.5 |
55+ y.o Unemployment Rate (%) | 7.8 | 4.0 | 7.8 | 4.7 | 6.4 | 3.9 | 5.7 | 4.4 |
Average Weekly Wage Rate ($) | 1161.19 | 1204.60 | 1162.62 | 1228.11 | 1163.65 | 1238.54 | 1193.90 | 1254.49 |
Average Hourly Wage Rate ($) | 31.53 | 32.68 | 31.49 | 33.02 | 31.79 | 33.58 | 32.48 | 34.05 |
Employment by Region (000)
2021Q2 | 2022Q2 | 2021Q3 | 2022Q3 | 2021Q4 | 2022Q4 | 2022Q1 | 2023Q1 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Greater Toronto Area (GTA) | 3467.9 | 3769.6 | 3643.9 | 3740.5 | 3754.8 | 3714.8 | 3689.7 | 3760.7 |
Central | 1696.5 | 1789.1 | 1711.0 | 1802.8 | 1718.3 | 1814.9 | 1712.9 | 1782 |
Southwestern | 825.7 | 871.8 | 838.4 | 859 | 866.1 | 879.3 | 847.9 | 873.6 |
Eastern | 960 | 1014.9 | 961.4 | 1008.7 | 958.5 | 1009.8 | 967.5 | 1007.9 |
Northern | 343 | 363.6 | 348.4 | 355.5 | 349.8 | 358.4 | 355.5 | 357.1 |
Unemployment Rate by Region (%)
2021Q2 | 2022Q2 | 2021Q3 | 2022Q3 | 2021Q4 | 2022Q4 | 2022Q1 | 2023Q1 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Greater Toronto Area (GTA) | 10.3 | 6.2 | 9.3 | 6.5 | 6.7 | 5.5 | 7 | 5.5 |
Central | 8.0 | 4.5 | 7.2 | 5.1 | 5.4 | 4.6 | 5.8 | 5.3 |
Southwestern | 8.7 | 5.3 | 7.7 | 5.8 | 5.3 | 4.9 | 6.1 | 5.7 |
Eastern | 8.0 | 4.1 | 6.6 | 4.6 | 4.2 | 3.7 | 5.2 | 4.3 |
Northern | 7.4 | 4.2 | 6.7 | 4.6 | 5.2 | 4.1 | 5.6 | 5.5 |
Total Employment by CMA (000)
Greater Toronto Area
2021Q2 | 2022Q2 | 2021Q3 | 2022Q3 | 2021Q4 | 2022Q4 | 2022Q1 | 2023Q1 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Toronto | 3311.5 | 3599.5 | 3486.4 | 3586.4 | 3587.1 | 3568.2 | 3523.6 | 3613.5 |
Oshawa | 207.1 | 232.7 | 211.6 | 224.4 | 222.3 | 227.1 | 222.0 | 225.8 |
Central Ontario
2021Q2 | 2022Q2 | 2021Q3 | 2022Q3 | 2021Q4 | 2022Q4 | 2022Q1 | 2023Q1 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hamilton | 405.1 | 421.3 | 413.1 | 419.8 | 418.1 | 423.9 | 409.4 | 411.0 |
Kitchener-Cambridge-Waterloo | 320.5 | 329.8 | 324 | 338.3 | 335.3 | 341.1 | 325.5 | 333.0 |
St. Catharines-Niagara | 189.9 | 229 | 212.3 | 219.1 | 210 | 220.1 | 216.7 | 216.6 |
Peterborough | 65.7 | 67.3 | 64.9 | 69.1 | 63.9 | 65 | 63.1 | 60.6 |
Brantford | 74.1 | 76.3 | 75.0 | 80.9 | 74.0 | 80.5 | 73.3 | 78.2 |
Guelph | 90.8 | 98.5 | 95.4 | 96.7 | 97.4 | 95.9 | 96.2 | 98.0 |
Barrie | 115.4 | 126.4 | 120.5 | 129.7 | 117.8 | 129.6 | 111.7 | 130.7 |
Eastern Ontario
2021Q2 | 2022Q2 | 2021Q3 | 2022Q3 | 2021Q4 | 2022Q4 | 2022Q1 | 2023Q1 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ottawa-Gatineau (Ontario part) | 602.9 | 617.2 | 591.5 | 618.3 | 582.8 | 616.3 | 590.2 | 623 |
Kingston | 79.6 | 87.9 | 81.0 | 90.5 | 81.9 | 91.0 | 82.4 | 91.1 |
Belleville | 43.8 | 59.7 | 51.1 | 61.0 | 54 | 55 | 53.9 | 63.7 |
Southwestern Ontario
2021Q2 | 2022Q2 | 2021Q3 | 2022Q3 | 2021Q4 | 2022Q4 | 2022Q1 | 2023Q1 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
London | 281.2 | 298.5 | 283.6 | 295.3 | 290.6 | 293.2 | 294.8 | 294.0 |
Windsor | 164.4 | 174.5 | 167.7 | 164.4 | 185.1 | 184.9 | 175.2 | 189.8 |
Northern Ontario
2021Q2 | 2022Q2 | 2021Q3 | 2022Q3 | 2021Q4 | 2022Q4 | 2022Q1 | 2023Q1 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Greater Sudbury | 82.1 | 86.7 | 82.1 | 83.8 | 85.1 | 86.2 | 85.2 | 87.8 |
Thunder Bay | 61.2 | 62.3 | 62.6 | 61.5 | 62.9 | 60.7 | 63.2 | 64.3 |
Overview of monthly* labour force characteristics
Jan-22 | Feb-22 | Mar-22 | Apr-22 | May-22 | Jun-22 | July-22 | Aug-22 | Sept-22 | Oct-22 | Nov-22 | Dec-22 | Jan-23 | Feb-23 | Mar-23 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Employment | 7538.5 | 7721.3 | 7750 | 7780.9 | 7764.1 | 7738.3 | 7766.9 | 7734.3 | 7714.9 | 7745.3 | 7750.5 | 7786.9 | 7849.7 | 7865.3 | 7886.7 |
Unemployment rate | 7.5 | 5.7 | 5.3 | 5.4 | 5.4 | 5.2 | 5.1 | 5.6 | 5.6 | 5.7 | 5.7 | 5.3 | 5.2 | 5.1 | 5.1 |
Participation rate | 65.5 | 65.7 | 65.6 | 65.9 | 65.7 | 65.2 | 65.4 | 65.4 | 65.1 | 65.3 | 65.3 | 65.3 | 65.5 | 65.5 | 65.5 |
*Seasonally adjusted
Note: All estimates in this appendix are based on Statistics Canada’s Labour Force Survey.
Footnotes
- footnote[1] Back to paragraph Estimates of employment changes and rate calculations are based on unrounded quarterly estimates and may differ slightly from estimates based on published quarterly data due to rounding.
- footnote[2] Back to paragraph The public sector includes employees in federal, provincial, territorial, municipal and Aboriginal public administrations, as well as in Crown corporations, liquor control boards and other government institutions such as schools (including universities), hospitals and public libraries.
- footnote[3] Back to paragraph Above-average wage industries are defined as those with earnings above the average hourly earnings of all industries in 2022. Self-employment is excluded.
- footnote[4] Back to paragraph Occupation estimates are based on the 2021 National Occupational Classification. Management occupations are classified under the management occupational category and the remaining categories exclude management occupations.
- footnote[5] Back to paragraph Based on groupings of Statistics Canada’s economic regions.
- footnote[6] Back to paragraph Based on a three-month moving average for March, using unadjusted data.
- footnote[7] Back to paragraph This economic region closely matches the GTA, the main exception being that it excludes the city of Burlington.
- footnote[8] Back to paragraph Based on a three-month moving average for March 2023, using unadjusted data. The seasonally adjusted estimate for Ontario in Q1 2023 is 5.1%.
- footnote[9] Back to paragraph Based on a three-month moving average for March 2023, using unadjusted data.
- footnote[10] Back to paragraph Rate by immigrant status is based on a three-month moving average for March 2023. Education level refers to the highest level of schooling completed.
- footnote[11] Back to paragraph Rate by immigrant status is based on a three-month moving average for March 2023. Education level refers to the highest level of schooling completed.
- footnote[12] Back to paragraph Rate by immigrant status is based on a three-month moving average for March 2023. Education level refers to the highest level of schooling completed.
- footnote[13] Back to paragraph Real wages are based on nominal wages deflated by the Consumer Price Index (CPI) for all items. Self-employment is excluded.
- footnote[14] Back to paragraph Nominal wage growth, not adjusted for inflation. Self-employment is excluded. Inflation is measured as an increase in the all-items Consumer Price Index for Ontario between January and March 2022 and January and March 2023.
- footnote[15] Back to paragraph Year-over-year comparison (between first quarters of 2022 and 2023) is in nominal dollars.
- footnote[16] Back to paragraph Measured as an increase in the all-items Consumer Price Index for Ontario between January and March of 2022 and January and March of 2023.
- footnote[17] Back to paragraph Occupation estimates are based on the 2021 National Occupational Classification. Management occupations are classified under the management occupational category and the remaining categories exclude management occupations. Nominal wage growth, not adjusted for inflation. Self-employment is excluded.