Fish and Wildlife Conservation Act, 1997

The Fish and Wildlife Conservation Act, 1997 (FWCA), is the main provincial law regulating hunting and trapping. It is enforced by conservation officers which includes police officers.

The penalties for offences under the FWCA can include:

  • general offences:
    • $25,000
    • 1 year imprisonment
    • or both
  • commercialization related offences:
    • $100,000
    • 2 years imprisonment
    • or both
  • tickets with set fines
  • court ordered hunting licence cancellations and suspensions and court orders prohibiting licence-related activities
  • automatic financial penalties (surcharges) for failing to submit mandatory hunter reports, as required

Hunting includes lying in wait for, searching for, being on the trail of, pursuing, chasing or shooting at wildlife, whether or not the wildlife is killed, injured, captured or harassed. You need a valid hunting licence to do any of these things, except where the FWCA states otherwise.

For a complete list of all “game wildlife and specially protected wildlife”, go to the Wildlife Schedules regulation.

Hunter orange

All licensed hunters, including bow hunters, falconers, wild turkey hunters, bear hunters and trappers who are hunting under their trapping licence, during a gun season for deer, elk or moose, are required to wear hunter orange. This requirement does not apply to persons who are hunting double-crested cormorants or migratory game birds, except woodcock.

In addition, all licensed bear hunters hunting during the open season for black bear, that is not a gun season for deer, elk or moose, are required to wear hunter orange except when in a tree stand.

A hunter orange garment and head cover must be worn. The hunter orange garment must cover a minimum of 400 square inches (2,580 square centimetres) above the waist and be visible from all sides (a vest made up of only a front and rear panel may not be visible from all sides). The hunter orange garment must be solid and cannot contain open mesh or camouflage orange. A garment with 400 square inches of hunter orange that also includes retro-reflective silver or yellow stripes meets the requirement. Any backpack that is worn must not completely conceal the hunter orange from being visible on that side. As a best practice hunters should have hunter orange on their backpacks. The hunter orange on the head cover must not contain camouflage material. The hunter orange head cover may have open mesh, a peak or brim color other than hunter orange and a crest or logo which does not completely cover the hunter orange on the side where it is affixed.

Hunters using ground blinds should take steps to make their blind clearly visible to other hunters who may be in the area. Use of hunter orange material on the outside of the blind is an appropriate method to mark a ground blind.

Firearms

Firearms include:

  • rifles
  • shotguns
  • muzzle-loading guns
  • air or pellet guns
  • bows (including longbows, crossbows, compound bows and recurve bows)

You may use semi-automatic or repeating firearms for hunting in Ontario, but not restricted or prohibited firearms (such as fully automatic firearms). Air and pellet guns are not permitted for hunting big game, but may be used for hunting small game.

If you are hunting with a gun you are required to carry proof of your firearms accreditation.

Hunting carelessly is an offence. Hunters who handle or discharge firearms without due care and attention or consideration for persons and property are liable to a fine of up to $25,000 or imprisonment for up to two years - or both. Depending on the circumstances, a person may also be subject to charges under the Criminal Code of Canada.

Any injury caused by the discharge of a firearm while in possession of a firearm for the purposes of hunting or trapping, which requires treatment by a physician must be reported to a conservation officer.

Before hunting, check local sunrise-sunset times. You may only hunt from half an hour before sunrise to half an hour after sunset (exceptions: night raccoon hunting and spring hunting hours for wild turkey). If you are in an area usually inhabited by wildlife during the period from half an hour after sunset to half an hour before sunrise you must unload and encase any firearms in your possession.

To be considered encased, firearms must be enclosed on all six sides.

A firearm is considered to be loaded if it has an unfired shell or cartridge in the chamber or in a magazine that is attached to the firearm.

A muzzle-loading gun is a gun that is loaded through the muzzle. A percussion muzzle-loading gun is considered to be loaded if there is a charge of powder and a projectile in the barrel and a percussion cap on the nipple. A flint-lock muzzle-loading gun is considered to be loaded if there is a charge of powder and a projectile in the barrel and the vent is unplugged. An electronic ignition muzzle-loading gun is considered to be loaded if there is a projectile in the barrel and a battery connected to the primer or charge. Under federal regulations pertaining to storage and transport of firearms, a muzzle-loading gun is not unloaded unless any propellant, projectile or cartridge has been removed from the breech or firing chamber. There is an exemption on transport restrictions when traveling between hunting sites.

A crossbow is considered to be loaded if the bow is cocked and there is a bolt in the crossbow. A bow other than a crossbow is considered to be loaded if the bow is strung and an arrow is nocked.

Contact the Canadian Firearms Program at 1-800-731-4000 (or RCMP Firearms) for information about the requirements for firearm ownership, licensing, storage and transportation.

The draw length of a bow (compound, recurve, long) is the measured distance from the outer edge of the main riser (handle), following the line of an arrow to the string at the anchor point. The draw length of a crossbow is measured along the bolt ramp (where the bolt rests) from the outer edge of the main limb to the anchor point (release latch mechanism) at full draw.

Arrows must be at least 60 centimetres (23.6 inches) in length. The length of an arrow is measured from the base of the arrowhead to the bottom of the nock slot.

A head (broadhead) used for hunting big game or wild turkey must be at least 22 millimetres (0.87 inches) wide and have at least 2 sharp cutting edges.

A shotgun must be plugged so that it cannot hold more than a total of three shells in the chamber and magazine combined.

On the Aulneau Peninsula (WMU 7A), from August 15 to December 15, you may not use a centre-fire rifle or a shotgun loaded with ball or with shot larger than number 2 lead shot, triple BBB steel shot or double BB bismuth shot.

Under the Criminal Code of Canada, you generally cannot possess any clip/magazine that holds more than five shots for a semi-automatic centrefire firearm.

Municipal by-laws

Some municipalities have by-laws restricting the discharge of firearms. Check with the local municipal office for details.

Sunday gun hunting

Sunday gun hunting is permitted in areas north of the French and Mattawa rivers. You can find out which municipalities permit Sunday gun hunting south of the French and Mattawa rivers by visiting Sunday gun hunting.

Summary of firearms restrictions related to roads and trails

You must not shoot from or across a right of way for public vehicular traffic anywhere in Ontario.

You must not possess a loaded firearm on or near a right of way for public vehicular traffic in most of Southern Ontario.

You must not possess a loaded firearm on or near a right of way for public vehicular traffic during an open gun season for deer or elk in large portions of Central and Northwestern Ontario.

Note: A right of way for public vehicular traffic includes a road or trail open to public use by vehicle traffic. Please refer to the table below for the specific restrictions and applicable geographic areas.

RestrictionsApplicable geographic areas
No discharge of firearms from or across the travelled portion of a right of way for public vehicular trafficAll of Ontario
You must not possess a loaded firearm on or within eight metres of the travelled portion of a right of way for public vehicular traffic (or its fenceline where one exists)Brant, Bruce, Chatham-Kent, Dufferin, Durham, Elgin, Essex (except the single-tier municipality of Pelee), Frontenac (except the lower-tier municipalities of Central and North Frontenac), Grey, Haldimand, Halton, Hamilton, Hastings (except the lower-tier municipalities of Bancroft, Carlow/Mayo, Deseronto, Faraday, Hastings Highlands, Limerick, Madoc, Marmora and Lake, Tudor and Cashel and Wollaston), Huron, Kawartha Lakes, Lambton, Lanark, Leeds and Grenville, Lennox and Addington (except the lower-tier municipality of Addington Highlands), Middlesex, Niagara, Norfolk, Northumberland, Ottawa, Oxford, Peel, Perth, Peterborough (except the lower-tier municipalities of Galway- Cavendish-Harvey and North Kawartha), Prescott and Russell, Prince Edward, Simcoe, Stormont, Dundas and Glengarry, Toronto, Waterloo, Wellington, York.
You must not possess a loaded firearm on or within eight metres of the travelled portion of a right of way for public vehicular traffic (or its fenceline where one exists) during an open gun season for deer or elkLower-tier municipalities of Central and North Frontenac in the geographic area of Frontenac, Haliburton, lower-tier municipalities of Bancroft, Carlow/Mayo, Deseronto, Faraday, Hastings Highlands, Limerick, Madoc, Marmora and Lake, Tudor and Cashel and Wollaston in the geographic area of Hastings, the lower-tier municipality of Addington Highlands in the geographic area of Lennox and Addington, Muskoka, the lower-tier municipalities of Galway-Cavendish-Harvey and North Kawartha in the geographic municipality of Peterborough, Renfrew, the single-tier municipalities of Alberton, Chapple, Dawson, Emo, Fort Frances, La Vallee, Morley, Rainy River and the geographic townships of Morson, McCrosson, Tovell, Dance (excluding Lyons Bay Road and Lost Creek Road), Kingsford (excluding Fleming Road), Miscampbell (excluding Boffin Road), Pratt, Nelles, Spohn and Sutherland all within the Territorial District of Rainy River and the single-tier municipality of Kenora, geographic townships of Boys, Ewart, Forgie, Gidley, Glass, Gundy, Kirkup, Pellatt and the unorganized area south and east of the geographic township of Boys township, south of the geographic township of Pellatt and west of the single-tier municipality of Kenora to the shore of Lake of the Woods all within the Territorial District of Kenora.

Summary of firearms restrictions for hunting in Ontario

Be sure to check relevant species sections to identify different season types and dates restricting certain types of firearms (such as bows only seasons, muzzle-loading guns and bows only)

FirearmMoose, elk and bearDeerWild turkey
RifleYes – Centre-fire rifle onlyYes – Centre-fire rifle onlyNo
ShotgunYes – Shotgun not smaller than 20 gauge when using shot; shot size must be SG or number one buck or larger.Yes – Shotgun not smaller than 20 gauge when using shot; shot size must be SG or number one buck or larger.Yes – Shotgun not larger than 10 gauge or smaller than 20 gauge, using shot size of 4, 5, 6 or 7.
Muzzle-loaderYesYesYes, shotgun only
Bow

Yes – Bow must have a draw weight of at least 22 kilograms (48.5 pounds) at a draw length of 700 millimetres (27.6 inches) or less.

Arrows must be at least 600 millimetres (23.6 inches) long and have at a minimum a 22 millimetres (0.87 inches) wide broadhead with at least two sharp cutting edges.

Yes - Bow must have a draw weight of at least 18 kilograms (39.7 pounds) at a draw length of 700 millimetres (27.6 inches) or less.

Arrows must be at least 600 millimetres (23.6 inches) long and have at a minimum a 22 millimetres (0.87 inches) wide broadhead with at least two sharp cutting edges.

Yes – Bow must have a draw weight of at least 18 kilograms (39.7 pounds) at a draw length of 700 millimetres (27.6 inches) or less.

Arrows must be at least 600 millimetres (23.6 inches) long and have at a minimum a 22 millimetres (0.87 inches) wide broadhead with at least two sharp cutting edges.

Crossbow

Yes – Crossbow must have a draw length of at least 300 millimetres (11.8 inches) and a draw weight of at least 54 kilograms (119 pounds).

Bolts at a minimum must have a 22 millimetres (0.87 inches) wide broadhead with at least two sharp cutting edges.

Yes – Crossbow must have a draw length of at least 300 millimetres (11.8 inches) and a draw weight of at least 45 kilograms (99.2 pounds).

Bolts at a minimum must have 22 millimetres (0.87 inches) wide broadhead with at least two sharp cutting edges.

Yes – Crossbow must have a draw length of at least 300 millimetres (11.8 inches) and a draw weight of at least 45 kilograms (99.2 pounds).

Bolts at a minimum must have 22 millimetres (0.87 inches) wide broadhead with at least two sharp cutting edges.

Party hunting

A person may hunt moose, deer, or black bear in a party of two or more people who each hold a licence to hunt that species, even if the person has already invalidated their tag for that species. In these cases, at least one member of the party must hold a tag that has not yet been invalidated and the group must comply with the following conditions:

  • each person must have a valid licence to hunt the big game species being hunted
  • the total number of moose, elk, deer or bear of a specified sex, age or type killed by the party does not exceed the total number of tags for that sex, age or type held by the members of the party
  • all members of the party must hunt together in the same Wildlife Management Unit or portion thereof, for which the tag is valid
  • each member of the party must hunt within five kilometres of the person who holds the tag that is valid for the wildlife being hunted
  • each member of the party must be able to reliably and immediately communicate with other members of the party
  • all members of the party, including the person who holds the tag that is valid for the species that the party is hunting, must actively participate in the hunt and hunt co-operatively

Party hunting is also permitted for elk in accordance with the conditions noted above, however some additional rules apply. Go to the elk section for these additional rules.

The person who kills the animal while hunting in a party shall immediately notify all other members of the party that the animal has been killed. If the tag holder is not the person who kills the animal, the tag holder must immediately go to the kill site, confirm the type/sex/age of the animal and then invalidate their tag. Go to the tags section for more information.

If you have questions about party hunting, the best time to get answers is before the hunt begins. Contact your local ministry work centre or Natural Resources Information Support Centre (NRISC) at 1-800-387-7011 or NRISC@ontario.ca.

Note: The term ‘invalidated tag’ refers to a tag that has been notched by the tag holder immediately after the kill, at the site of the kill and before moving the animal. Go to the tags section for additional information.

Use of vehicles, boats, drones or aircraft

Aircraft, including drones and balloons, may not be used while hunting. Vehicles (includes any kind of vehicle that is driven, propelled or drawn on land or ice by any kind of power, including muscular power and includes snowmobiles and the rolling stock of a railway) or boat may not be used for chasing, pursuing, harassing, capturing, injuring or killing any wildlife.

It is illegal to have a loaded firearm in or on, or discharge a firearm from, an aircraft, vehicle (including snowmobile and all terrain vehicle) or motorboat (a motorboat is considered a boat with a motor that is attached to the boat and that is capable of being used as a means of propulsion) or anything towed by the boat. A loaded firearm may be carried in, and discharged from, a canoe or boat that is being paddled, with no motor attached.

There is an exception to the prohibition on loaded firearms in a motorboat if you are hunting double-crested cormorants in accordance with the regulations (go to double-crested Cormorants for more information) or waterfowl in accordance with the Migratory Birds Convention Act, 1994.

Note: There is an exception (requires an authorization) to having a loaded firearm in a vehicle or motor boat if a person has a mobility disability and meets one of the following criteria.

  1. A paraplegic or hemiplegic.
  2. A single (above the knee) lower limb amputation or a double (below the waist) amputation.
  3. Suffers severe disability and cannot hunt without the use of a wheelchair or similar means of locomotion. In this case, the hunter must provide a medical certificate stating disability.

Plan ahead to allow for the processing of requests. To apply for an authorization, please visit Hunting licence (Ontario residents) or call NRISC at 1-800-387-7011, Monday to Friday from 8:30 a.m. to 5:00 p.m.

Dogs

All dogs used to hunt deer, moose or black bear must be licensed for the purposes of hunting. There are some areas where dogs are not permitted to be used for hunting deer or moose (go to season tables of the deer and moose section for additional details). Dogs may not be used to hunt elk.

Dogs are not permitted to run at large in areas usually inhabited by big game during the closed season. It is your responsibility to ensure your dog does not enter private property that you do not have permission to hunt on or where hunting is prohibited in contravention of the Trespass to Property Act. Hunters are responsible for ensuring their dogs are under their control and that hunting activities are conducted lawfully.

During lawful hunting hours, you are permitted to use a leashed dog (dog does not require a licence) to track and retrieve wounded big game during the open season provided the dog is kept on a leash that has a maximum length of 10 metres and the dog is under the physical control of the dog handler at all times. The licensed hunter who wounded the animal must be with the dog and handler, and if party hunting, the holder of the tag must also be present.

The person handling the tracking dog must not be carrying a firearm unless properly licensed to hunt the animal being tracked.

To hunt raccoon at night, you must be accompanied by a dog licensed for the purposes of hunting and you must have a resident small game licence or be hunting under the authority of a trapping licence in the area described on the licence.

To conduct dog training and field trials on game species during the closed season an authorization or licence issued by the ministry is required. An appropriate hunting licence is required during the open hunting season.

Many municipalities have by-laws regarding dogs, including by-laws that may affect the use of dogs while hunting. Check with the local municipal office for details.

If you are bringing a dog into Canada from the United States, you must have a certificate, signed by a veterinarian licensed in Canada or in the United States, stating that the dog has been vaccinated against rabies during the preceding 36 months. For more information, check with the Canada Border Services Agency.

Snares

Snares cannot be used under a small game licence, except by the holder of a resident small game licence taking snowshoe hare north of the French and Mattawa rivers with a snare constructed of copper or brass wire between 22 and 24 gauge. The opening of the snare wire loop must be 10 centimetres (four inches) or less in diameter.

Poison and adhesives

It is illegal to use poison and adhesives to kill, injure or capture wildlife, including in protection of property.

Big game – swimming

You may not hunt moose, elk, deer or black bear while they are swimming.

Trespassing

It is unlawful to enter private property once notice has been given that entry is prohibited, or that certain activities like hunting are prohibited. Notice of no trespassing may be given in a variety of ways, including verbally, signs, symbols (for example a red circle four inches in diameter), coloured markings or fences. Lands under cultivation are also considered to be notice against entry.

Always ask for permission and obey posted signs.

Not all land is signed. Unsigned lands may be private land as well. It is your responsibility to find out who owns the land you wish to hunt on and to determine if entry is prohibited or certain activities like hunting are prohibited. If unsure, stay out. If a wounded animal runs onto private property where notice has been given that entry is prohibited or certain activities like hunting have been prohibited, you must seek permission to retrieve the animal. Positive landowner or occupier/hunter relationships are important to the future of hunting in Ontario.

You may not enter private land in a party of more than 12 persons without the express permission of the occupier if any member of the party possesses a firearm or other hunting device.

Before hunting on Indian Reserves, ask the permission of the Band Council.

You must have written permission from the landowner on the form provided by the ministry to hunt elk on private land, to hunt moose in WMU 65 on private land, and to hunt deer in WMUs 43A, 43B and 44 on private land. Form is available online.

Wildlife Management Areas

There are some designated areas within the province which provide special opportunities for hunting (Such as Special Hunting Areas, Provincial Wildlife Areas, Wildlife Extension Landowner Agreement Areas). The majority of these areas are found in the southern part of the province. These areas may have seasonal or daily user fees. Hunters interested in hunting in these areas should contact the local ministry work centre for more information.

Crown Game Preserves

It is illegal to hunt or trap in Crown Game Preserves. In addition, you may not use or possess firearms in Crown Game Preserves, unless you live on private land within a Crown Game Preserve.

Hunting in provincial parks

Hunting is permitted in a number of provincial parks in Ontario. Hunters should always check with the appropriate park office regarding areas open to hunting, species that can be hunted, seasons and other restrictions that apply in each park. Call 1-800-387-7011 for assistance.

Camping on Crown land and in conservation reserves

Most Crown land and conservation reserves are available year-round for personal, temporary use, at no cost. Some restrictions apply to certain activities and areas. Non-residents of Canada who are 18 years of age or older generally require a permit to camp on Crown land in Northern Ontario or in a conservation reserve anywhere in Ontario.

For more information:

Note: Non-residents are prohibited from camping on Crown land within 1 kilometre of the following road systems in Kenora and Fort Frances Districts between October 1 and November 15:

  • Highway 71 and roads branching off Highway 71 from Strachan Road to the junction of Highway 17
  • Highway 596, Caribou Falls Road and Sand Lake Road and all roads branching off these roads to the junction of the English River Road
  • Rush Bay Road and branch roads
  • Shoal Lake Road and branch roads
  • Gundy Lake Road and branch roads

For more information, contact the Kenora work centre at 807-468-2501 or the Fort Frances work centre at 807-274-5337.

Conservation officers

Conservation officers are appointed under the Fish and Wildlife Conservation Act, 1997 and include: Royal Canadian Mounted Police, a police officer or First Nations constable appointed under the Police Services Act, a game officer designated under the Migratory Birds Convention Act, 1994, a park warden designated under the Canada National Parks Act, and a person whose primary employment responsibility is enforcement of fish and wildlife laws in a border jurisdiction if they are acting under the direction of a conservation officer. Conservation officers have powers of inspection, arrest, search and seizure under the various laws they enforce, including the Fish and Wildlife Conservation Act, the Migratory Birds Convention Act, 1994 and the Fisheries Act.

Conservation officers have authority to enforce the:

When carrying out their duties, or investigating an offence under these statutes or the corresponding regulations, conservation officers may have the power to:

  • stop and/or inspect a vehicle, boat or aircraft
  • inspect firearms, ammunition, wildlife or fish
  • ask questions relevant to the inspection
  • inspect buildings or other places
  • enter and cross-over private property
  • search with a warrant
  • search without a warrant in circumstances requiring immediate action
  • seize items related to the offence
  • arrest anyone they believe has committed, is committing or is about to commit an offence

Conservation officers operate game check stations throughout the year. At these stations, conservation officers collect information on game taken by hunters and make sure the regulations are being followed in order to better manage our wildlife resources. During an inspection, hunters are required to provide reasonable assistance and provide accurate information about the hunt.

When transporting game harvested by another hunter, you must be prepared to provide information about the hunter (e.g. name, Outdoors Card number, licence number) and details of the hunt (e.g. date and location of kill) if requested by a conservation officer.

Game wildlife and parts

Black bear gallbladders: It is illegal to possess a gallbladder that has been removed from a black bear.

With the exception of furbearing mammals and double-crested cormorants (subject to disposal requirements, go to Small game and furbearing mammal hunting regulations) you may not let the flesh of any harvested game wildlife that is suitable for food become spoiled or abandoned. This includes black bear.

A hunter who kills a furbearing mammal (for example, coyote, raccoon) shall not abandon the pelt or permit the pelt to be spoiled or destroyed. A pelt is the untanned skin of a furbearing mammal, whether or not the skin is on a carcass.

In general, it is illegal to buy, sell or barter any game wildlife or specially protected wildlife or their parts (including taxidermy mounts). There are some exemptions – please contact local ministry work centre for more information. You may purchase the meat of a furbearing mammal from a licensed trapper or farmer for consumption by your immediate family. A person selling a carcass of a furbearing mammal for consumption must advise the buyer in writing that the meat has not been inspected under the Food Safety and Quality Act.

For information on buying or selling hides or cast (naturally shed) antlers or on serving wild game at charitable events, visit Buy or sell wild animal hides or antlers (native to Ontario) or Serve fish or wild game at charitable event or call 1-800-387-7011.

Shipping

Unless accompanied by the hunter or trapper who lawfully harvested the animal, receptacles (or containers) containing game wildlife or specially protected wildlife that are being shipped or transported to points inside or outside Ontario must have the names and addresses of the sender and receiver, and a list of the contents, written on the outside.

Import

It is an offence to possess wildlife that was killed, captured, taken, possessed, transported, bought, sold or removed from another jurisdiction contrary to the laws of that jurisdiction. It is an offence to sell wildlife from another jurisdiction if the sale is not permitted in the jurisdiction from which it was originally exported.

To prevent the introduction of Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD), Ontario has amended its regulations restricting the import and possession of parts from all members of the deer family (including white-tailed deer, American elk, moose and caribou) harvested in other jurisdictions. Go to Chronic wasting disease for more information.

Export

Non-residents must have an Ontario non-resident export permit to export moose, deer, elk or black bear that were killed in Ontario, or their parts.

Export permits are not required for taxidermy mounts or tanned hides of a black bear, white-tailed deer, moose or elk.

An export licence for furbearing mammals and their pelts is required to export any furbearing mammal (including a wolf or coyote) or their pelt out of Ontario whether it originated from Ontario or not. This also includes pelts from farmed animals, carcasses and live furbearing mammals. Royalties are payable on all wild Ontario furbearing mammals prior to their export from Ontario. You may obtain an export licence from a local ministry work centre.

Export licences are also not required for pelts or other parts of furbearing mammals that have been treated by a taxidermist or that have been lawfully bought or sold and are tanned, treated, or manufactured into commercial products. Artwork or jewellery made from game wildlife, where the primary value is in the artwork or jewellery and not in the wildlife, is also exempt from the requirement for an export permit.

In some provinces and countries, importation of wildlife is regulated. Hunters should check for any import requirements to avoid delays when returning home with harvested game.

Canadian CITES export permits

The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) is an international agreement which regulates trade in a number of species of animals and plants, their parts and derivatives, and any articles made from them. In some instances, a CITES permit is required to export an animal, or parts of an animal, from Canada.

Residents and non-residents need a Canadian CITES export permit to export wolf, black bear and several other species from Canada. The CITES permit requirement is waived for U.S. or Canadian residents in some instances, where a black bear is being exported. Go to the black bear section for more information. Please contact the Environment and Climate Change Canada to make arrangements to obtain a CITES permit. Please allow up to 21 days to receive a permit. It is recommended to apply well in advance of the trip and apply for permits for all CITES listed species that you may harvest.